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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What FM Covers 1st Aid?
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FM 4-25.11
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What is meant by 1st aid?
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Urgent and Immediate lifesaving techniques applied by 1st person available
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What are the 4 adverse conditions affecting human life?
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Lack of 02
Bleeding Shock Infection |
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What three tasks are considered to be the basics of 1st aid?
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Check for breathing
Check for Bleeding Check for Shock |
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What should you do if you come upon a sick or injured soldier?
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Evaluate him
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What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
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Check for-
Responsiveness breathing pulse bleeding shock fractures burns head injuries |
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What is CPR?
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Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
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What are the 2 vital body functions?
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Circulation and Respiration
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Name the 4 common points for checking pulses?
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Carotid
Radial Posterior Tibial Femoral |
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What are the 3 basic life saving steps?
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Open the airway
Stop the bleeding and bandage the wound control shock |
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What is the single most common airway obstruction?
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the tongue
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What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening the airway?
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Jaw thrust
Head tilt chin lift |
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If a casualty is suspected of having a head or neck injury what method should you use to open the airway?
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Jaw thrust
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How do you check for breathing?
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Look for the rise and fall of the chest
Listen for the exhale Feel for the flow of air Perform rescue breathing |
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What are the 2 preferred methods of rescue breathing?
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Mouth 2 mouth
mouth 2 nose |
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What are the steps in performing artificial respiration?
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Evaluate casualty
open airway check for breathing blow 2 full breaths observe the rise and fall of the chest 5-10 seconds for pulse no pulse seek medical aid pulse continue rescue breathing |
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What are the 2 methods for opening an airway of an unconscious casualty
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Abdominal thrust
chest thrust |
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When should the chest thrust be used?
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If causualty is prego or has an abdominal injury
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Name the 5 methods for controlling bleeding
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Field dressing
manual pressure elevate wound pressure dressing tourniquet |
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How should the tails be tied on a field dressing?
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Non slip knots on the sides of the wound
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How long should you apply manual pressure?
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5-10 minutes
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When applying manual pressure what else can you do to stop bleeding?
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Elevate slightly above heart
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Should you elevate a fractured limb?
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Yes, after it has been splinted
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When should a pressure dressing be applied?
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When the bleeding continues after the field dressing, manual pressure and elevation
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How should the knots on a pressure dressing be tied?
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directly over the wound in a nonslip knot, not a tourniquet
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When should a tourniquet be used?
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Only as a last resort
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A soldier whose arm or leg has been severed may not be bleeding, should you apply a tourniquet anyway?
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Yes
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Where are the only places a tourniquet can be applied?
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On the neck and groin......
No, no really on the arm or leg |
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An improvised tourniquet should be how many inches wide?
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2
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How should a tourniquet be applied?
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Between the heart and the wound, never directly over the wound, fracture or joint
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What should you do after applying a tourniquet?
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Mark the casualties head with a T
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Why can shock kill you?
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It is a collapse of the cardiovascular system
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What are some causes of shock?
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Dehydration
allergic reaction significant blood loss traumatic injuries reaction to the sight of a wound |
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What are the symptoms of shock?
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clammy skin, pale skin, restlessness, thirst, bleeding, confusion, bluish skin, nausea and vomiting
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What are the steps to preventing shock?
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Position casualty
Elevate legs Loosen tight clothing Climitize Reassure Notify medical personell |
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When would you not put the casualty in the shock position?
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When the casualty has a fractured leg, head injury, or abdominal injury
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In the case of an abdominal injury how should the casualty be positioned?
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On the back with knees flexed
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What is the best way to calm a casualty?
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Take Charge and show self confidence
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What should you do before leaving an unconscious casualty>?
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Turn the head so as to avoid chokin on own vomitus...yum
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Head injuries are classfied into 2 types?
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Open and Closed same as fractures
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What are some symptoms of head injuries?
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Naseau and vomiting, Slurred speech, drowsiness, paralysis, headache, deformity of head, convulsions, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, bruising around eyes, bleeding or fluid from the scalp, ears and or nose
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What are the following terms
Abrasion/contusion/laceration/avulsion? |
Abrasion-scrape/contusion-bruise/Laceration-cut/Avulsion-rip
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What is a concussion?
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An injury to the brain that involves a temporary loss of frain bunction
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When treating a sucking chest wound, what material should be used to creat an occlusive dressing?
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Plastic wrapper from the field dressing, cellophane, wrap tite
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When treating a sucking chest wound, the plastic should extend ____ inches from the edge of the wound in all directions.
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dos, duo, 2
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What is tension pneumothorax?
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A life threatining condition that results in a build of air in the chest casualty that has no escape
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What are the 1st aid measures for treating an abdominal wound?>
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Evaluate, position cas on back knees flexed, expose wound, do not remove clothing that is stuck to wound, apply field dressing, do no apply pressure, seek medical aid
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what should be done with any organs protruding from the wound on the ground?
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Pick those chitlins up with a clean dressing and place on the abdomen, do not attempt to stuff back in
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Can abdominal wounds get a lil something to eat?
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No eat, no drink, only moisten lips
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What are the 4 types of burns?
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Thermal
Electrical Chemical "laser" Razor |
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What are the 5 1st aid measures for treating burns?
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Eliminate the source of the burn
expose the burn apply dressing take precautions seek medical aid |
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How do you remove a burn casualty from and electrical source
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Very carefully, turn off power, or use a nonconductive material to move body
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How do you remove chemical burn from a cas?
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Liquid chemicals flush with H20
Dry chemicals brush off loose particles and then flush |
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What is the 1st aid for white phosphorous?
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Smother with wet cloth or mud and then remove particles
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What are some precations when treating a burn casualty?
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Do not place a field dressing on burned eyes or genitals
Do not break blisters Do not apply grease For electrical burns check for entry and exit wounds Small amount of h20 Ok |
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What is the 1st aid for a lacerated eyeball?
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Cover the injury with a loose dressing. Cover both eyes
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What is a fracture?
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A broken bone
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What are the 2 kinds of frectures?
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open and closed
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What is a dislocation or a sprain?
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Dislocation when a joint is not in its proper place
Sprain- when connecting tissue joints have been torn |
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What are some signs of a fracture?
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Deformity, swelling, inability to move, bleeding, pain, tenderness, protruding bone (maybe), discolored skin
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Why should fractures be immobilized?
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To prevent the sharp edges of the bone from causing further damage
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What are some improvised splinting materials?
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Rifle, pistol belt, boards, tree branches, poles, cardboard, rolled newspapers,
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What is an anatomical splint?
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Splinting a fractured leg to the unfractured leg, splinting arm to chest
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What is the 1st and last thing you should do when splinting?
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Check the pulse
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Where should padding be placed on a splint?
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Any place the spliting material touches the a bony part of the body
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How tight should the knots be on a splint?
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not so tight that you cannot put your finger tip betwixt the bandaged part and the skin
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What are the 3 types of heat injuries?
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Heat-
cramps Exhaustion stroke |
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What are some symptoms of heat cramps?
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Cramping in the arms legs or abdomen
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What are the 1st aid measures for heat cramps?
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move cas to a cool shady area
have them drink water |
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What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
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excessive sweating/dizziness/ cramping/ urge to defecate/ rapid breathing/ confusion/ headache/ weakness/ confusion/ nauseau/ chills/ tingling
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What are the 1st aid measures for heat exhaustion?
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Move to cool shady spot
loosen or remove clothing pour water on cas have cas drink water seek medical aid if symptoms continue |
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What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
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red skin/confusion/no sweating/ seizures/ stomach pains/ loss of consciousness/ weakness/ nausea/ headaches/ pulse rapid and weak
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What are the 1st aid measures for heat stroke?
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Move cas to cool shady area
loosen or remove clothing start cooling cas immediately elevate legs drink water seek medical aid |
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What is the acronym used for avoiding cold weather injuries?
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COLD
keep it Clean avoid Overheating wear it Loose and Layered keep it Dry |
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Name the 6 cold weather injuries?
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Chilblain
Immersion foot frostbite snow blindness dehydration hypothermia |
