1Gg. S3/b3 Neuro Clinical Nos

Front 1

Where do you see lipofuscin granules?

Back 1

Inclusion bodies that increase with aging

Front 2

Where do you see neuromelanin? And Lewy Bodies?

Back 2

1. Inclusion bodies lost in Parkinsons
2. Gained in PKsons

Front 3

Where do you see Hirano bodies?

Back 3

1. Inclusion bodies ALZ
2. hippocampus

Front 4

Where do you see Pick bodies?

Back 4

1. Inclusion bodies Pick's Dz

Front 5

Where do you see Negri bodies?

Back 5

1. Inclusion bodies Rabies
2. Purkinje

Front 6

Where do you see Cowdry Type A?

Back 6

1. Inclusions Herpes encephalitis

Front 7

Where do you see Lafora bodies?

Back 7

1. Inclusion bodies Myoclonic seizures

Front 8

What is the difference between an ALZ brain and a Pick's brain?

Back 8

1. A Picks brain is atrophied in the frontal cortex
2. ALZ brain atrophy all over

Front 9

What is a gamma knife?

Back 9

1. Non-invasive
2. Blasts out certain area
3. Site specific

Front 10

What is the most likely area for metastatic brain cancer?

Back 10

1. The MCA

Front 11

What part of the brain do children get primary brain tumors?

Back 11

1. Posterior fossa
2. Infratentorial

Front 12

What part of brain do adults get primary brain tumors?

Back 12

1. Anterior 2/3 of hemisphere
2. Supratentorial

Front 13

What is a Glioma?

Back 13

1. Glial cell tumor
2. Includes; Astrocytomas, oligodendrocytomas, and ependyomas

Front 14

What is a low grade tumor?

Back 14

1. A well differentiated tumor

Front 15

What is a high grade tumor?

Back 15

1. Poorly differentiated(anaplastic) tumor
2. AKA De-differentiated

Front 16

What is supra and infratentorial?

Back 16

1. Above and below the tentorium cerebelli

Front 17

What is a grade 1 astrocytoma?2,3,4? What is the probability of surgery?

Back 17

1. Pilocytic non invasive
2. Low grade astrocytoma
3. Anaplastic(malignant)
4. Gliobastoma multiforme

5. Decreases as grade increase

Front 18

Where is an oligodendrocytoma and what might it turn into?

Back 18

1. Cerebral cortex
2. Into glioblastoma

Front 19

Where would you find a pilocytic astrocytoma, and in who?

Back 19

1. Brainstem
2. More common in children/teens

Front 20

What is a glioblastoma multiforme?

Back 20

1. A highly invasive astrocytoma
2. Must remove it all!

Front 21

Survival time of glioblastoma multiforme? Doubling time?

Back 21

1. 8-10 months w/out surgery
2. 2 years with surgery
3. May double in size in two weeks

Front 22

Where would you find a glioblastoma multiforme?

Back 22

1. At the white/grey interface making it inoperable

Front 23

What is an ependymoma?

Back 23

1. From ependymal cells in ventricle
2. Non-comm Hydrocephalus

Front 24

What is a choroid plexus papilloma?

Back 24

1. Tumor w/in ventricles
2. Non-comm hydrocephalus

Front 25

What is significant about a medulloblastoma?

Back 25

1. Exclusive to cerebellum

Front 26

What is a meningioma?

Back 26

1. Benign tumor of Falx
2. Cut it off you're ok

Front 27

What is a schwannoma?

Back 27

1. Tumor of schwann cells
2. Peripheral

Front 28

What is C.C. of a pituitary adenoma?

Back 28

1. Classic case person with Bitemporal hemianopia
2. From pituitary
3. 10% intracranial tumors

Front 29

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

Back 29

1.From Rathke's pouch
2. 9%pediatric tumors

Front 30

What symptoms with choroid plexues papilloma?(6)

Back 30

1. Headaches
2. Seizure
3. Visual problem
4. Papilledema
5. Infantile Craniomegaly
6. Hydrocephalus

Front 31

What is a primary pediatric neuroectodermal tumor?

Back 31

1. PPNET
2. Medulloblastoma

Front 32

What are the main symptoms of NF-1?(3)

Back 32

1. Fibromas
2. Unilateral acoustic schwannoma
3. cafe au lait

Front 33

What type of tumors in NF-2?

Back 33

1. Bilateral accoustic schwannoma

Front 34

What is the CN progression in acoustic schwannomas?(3CNs)

Back 34

1. 8 first with hearing loss
2. then 7, and 5
3. Cerebellar

Front 35

Classic symptoms with pituitary adenomas?(3)

Back 35

1. CC bitemporal hemianopia
2. Hair falling out
3. Tired

Front 36

At what time of day will headaches be the worst for tumors?

Back 36

1. Morning

Front 37

When removing a brain tumor what is important?(2)

Back 37

1. Minimize Damage
2. Put a shunt in, otherwise a cyst might form

Front 38

What are the leptomeninges?

Back 38

1. Arachnoid and Pia

Front 39

What are the distinguishing symptoms for meningitis?

Back 39

1. Photophobia
2. Nuchal Ridgity
3. Sudden confusion, disorientation, and difficulty waking up

Front 40

What is a menigococcal meningitis?

Back 40

1. N. meningitidus
2. Highly contagious
3. Rapid progression
4. Rash

Front 41

What is Pneumococcal meningitus?

Back 41

1. Not contagious
2. No rash

Front 42

What is tuberculosis meningitis?

Back 42

1. Follows TB
2. IC patients

Front 43

What is aseptic meningitis?

Back 43

1. Not bacterial
2. Viral or Other causes

Front 44

Viral meningitis?(3) who, causes?

Back 44

1. Enterovirus
2. Highly contagious
3. Childer

Front 45

Fungal meningitis characteristic?

Back 45

1. Primarily in IC patients

Front 46

Neoplastic meningtis?

Back 46

1. Caused by tumor metatisis in CNS

Front 47

What is Kernig's sign? Brudzinski's?

Back 47

1. Can't straighten leg
2. Knee pops up if you raise head

Front 48

What is encephalitis? Diff between meningitis?

Back 48

1. Inflammation of CNS tissue
2. No photophobia
3. Similar to meningitis

Front 49

What is the APGAR scale?

Back 49

1. evaluates newborn's cardio and neuro function
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations

Front 50

When and What is the grading on the APGAR scale?

Back 50

1. At O, 5 and 10 minutes after birth
2. 7 and above is always good
3. AT 1 min 4-6 may need help breathing, 0-3 needs immediate attention
4. At 5 min 6 or less needs attention

Front 51

What is cerebral palsy?

Back 51

1. A general term for non progressive motor dysfunction

Front 52

What causes Periventicular leukomalacia?

Back 52

1. Mini strokes in permature infants

Front 53

What is Periventricular Leukomalacia?

Back 53

1. Hypotensive episodes cause infarcts in preemies
2. Bilateral causes paralysis
3. Potential cause of cerebral palsy

Front 54

What is the AFP levels in spina bifida, and down's? When can you tell?

Back 54

1. Increase in spina bifida
2. Decreased in Down's
3. Measure at 14 weeks

Front 55

What are the three major spina bifidas?

Back 55

1. Occulta
2. Meningoceole
3. Meningomyeloceole

Front 56

What is a myeloceole or myeolschisis?

Back 56

1. Failure of neural tube to close

Front 57

What is a syringomyeloceole?

Back 57

1. Meningomyeloceole with a syrinx in the the middle of the spinal cord

Front 58

What is anencephaly)AKA?) and exencephaly?

Back 58

1. No skull or cerebrum
- AKA Rachishisis or craniorachischisis
2. No skull, has cerebrum
3. Low AFP

Front 59

What is holoprosencephaly?

Back 59

1. Failure of midline seperation
2. One large ventricle and midline fusion
3. cyclops

Front 60

What is a porencephaly?

Back 60

1. Cyst formation in brain
2. Post Infarction

Front 61

What is Lisencephaly?

Back 61

1. Absence of gyri and sulci

Front 62

What is tuberosis sclerosis?

Back 62

1. Distinction between gray and white matter lost
2. Large Firm white gyri
3. Seizures and retardation

Front 63

What is the most common hydrocephalus? How to fix it?

Back 63

1. Cerebral aqueduct stenosis
2. Put a shunt in and drain to abdomen

Front 64

What is hydrancephaly?

Back 64

1. Absent Hemispheres
2. Two CSF filled sacs

Front 65

When does a baby have transillumination of the head?

Back 65

1. Hydrocephaly or hydranencephaly

Front 66

What is Arnold Chiari Type 1? Type 2? Type 3?

Back 66

1. Tonsils to foramen Magnum
2. Cerebellum and vermis
3. Brainstem and cerebellum outside skull

Front 67

What is Coloboma iriditis?

Back 67

1. Fissure of the iris
2. Benign

Front 68

What is schizencephaly?

Back 68

1. Synaptic clefts on both sides