1Dd. S3/b3 Neuro Spinal

Front 1

What is a spinal cord segment?

Back 1

Vertbrae
Disk
Vertebrae

Front 2

What is the tecal sac?

Back 2

The dural covering of the spinal cord

Front 3

What is avulsion?

Back 3

Tearing off the nerve at the roots

Front 4

Where do the spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?

Back 4

Above C7 the exit above and below T1 they exit below(no C8)

Front 5

Nucleus gracilus and cuneatus in the vertbrae, where does it end?

Back 5

Cuneatus controls the arms and upper trunk, therefore it is absent below T6.

Front 6

Describe the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 6

1. Small posterior horns
2. Prominent lateral horns
3. no cuneatus below T6

Front 7

Rexed's laminae II, VI, and IX?

Back 7

2. Substantia gelatinosa
6. Proprioception
9. Medial and lateral motor nuclei(alpha motor neurons)

Front 8

Rexed's laminae III/IV, VII, X?

Back 8

3/4. Nucleus proprius
7. Nucleus dorsalis
10. Axons that cross

Front 9

What are the 3 tests used for the dorsal column?

Back 9

1. Rhomberg
2. 2 point discrimination
3. Tuning fork

Front 10

Describe a proper Rhomberg tests and what two things it test?

Back 10

1. Feet together(Cerebellum)
2. Close eyes without falling(+rhomberg)

Front 11

Fasculus Cuneatus?

Back 11

T6 and above located laterally

Front 12

Fasiculus gracilus position in spine and what vertbrae?

Back 12

T7 and below located medially

Front 13

Nucleus gracilus and cuneatus in the brainstem does what?

Back 13

1.decussate as arcuate fibers
2. ascend to VPL

Front 14

What is the tract of lissaur?

Back 14

1. Dorsal horn entry zone
2. Lateral STT branch 1-3 segments up before synapsing with 2nd order

Front 15

What is the posterior spinocerebellar tract? How does it ascend?

Back 15

1. Proprioception from legs
2. Synapse in nucleus dorsalis and ascend ipsilaterally
3. Offramp into ICP to cerebellum

Front 16

What is the Cuneocerebellar? How does it ascend?

Back 16

1. Proprioception from arms
2. Ascends with the cuneatus until it enters the ICP
3. STAYS Ipsilateral

Front 17

What is the anterior spinocerebellar tract? How does it ascend?

Back 17

1. Transmits trunk info
2. Cross @ ventral commissure
3. Ascend contralaterally
4. Enters the SCP
5. Crosses back to the ipsilateral cerebellum

Front 18

What are the SCT receptors?

Back 18

Subconscious Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, send out all the proprioception you need

Front 19

What do the golgi tendon organs feel?

Back 19

Tendons feel Tension

Front 20

What do the muscle spindles feel?

Back 20

Spindles feel Stretch

Front 21

What does the TST do?

Back 21

A reflex that adjusts your body to flashes of light.
Turn to Me with your TST

Front 22

What does the lateral CST do?

Back 22

Fine, skilled, and voluntary movements

Front 23

What happens if you damage the lateral CST?

Back 23

Loss of fine skilled movement. Lose Babinski, cremasteric, and abdominal reflexes

Front 24

What are two congenital spinocerebellar Ataxias?

Back 24

1. Machado Joseph(Late)
2. Friedrich Ataxia(Early)

Front 25

What is the cremasteric reflex?

Back 25

Superficial reflex where you rub or pinch the inner thigh and the testicles ascend

Front 26

What is a superficial reflex?

Back 26

One that is not illicited by a hammer

Front 27

What are LMN symptoms?

Back 27

1. Atrophy
2. Hypotonia
3. Hyporeflexia
4. Fasiculations

Front 28

What is cerebellar dysarthria?

Back 28

1. Slurred speech
2. Explosive
3. Scanning speech

Front 29

What is titubation? What does it indicate?

Back 29

A wobbling that indicates cerebellar damage

Front 30

What is clonus?

Back 30

Sustained hyperreflexia

Front 31

What Brodman's numbers are the corticospinal tract derived from? And what does it descend through in the brain?

Back 31

1. From 4,6 and 3,2,1. Descend through the posterior limb of the internal capsule

Front 32

What is the most important and least important CST? How do they innervate the muscles?

Back 32

1. The lateral 80-90% and the anterior CST.
2. Bilaterally in the axial but contralateral in the distal muscles

Front 33

What does the red nucleus do? What happens when you lesion above or below it?

Back 33

In the midbrain, controls large flexion of the upper limbs. Lesion above is decorticate(flex) and below is decerbrate(ext.).

Front 34

What does the Rubrospinal Tract do?

Back 34

Flexion and fine movement of the upperlimbs

Front 35

What does the olivary nucleus do?

Back 35

Control and coordination of the cerebellum and movements

Front 36

Where are the extrapyramiddal tracts?

Back 36

Motor tracts that are outside the medullary pyramids, chiefly in the RF.

The basal ganglia, cerebellum and vestibular nucleus.

Front 37

What are some extrapyramiddal symptoms?(2) And what could cause them?

Back 37

1. Akinesia
2. Tardive dyskinesia
3. DA antagonists like powerful antipsychotics

Front 38

What is the vestibulospinal tract and how does it descend?

Back 38

1. Extrapyramiddal Extensors
2. ipsilateral

Front 39

What is the rubrospinal tract?

Back 39

1. large muscle movement; arms and the legs
2. fine motor control

Front 40

What is the reticulospinal tract?

Back 40

Primarily ipsilateral, it inhibits reflex contractions

Front 41

The lateral tracts control the _____ and the medial tracts control the _______

Back 41

1. Legs and arms
2. Body, trunk

Front 42

The TST, VST, RetST, and anterior CST descend medially or laterally?

Back 42

Medially

Front 43

The medial tracts control what?

Back 43

The reflex and postural adjustments, and balance.

Front 44

The lateral CST and RubST control what?

Back 44

Limb movements

Front 45

The ASA and PSA supply which parts of the vertebrae?

Back 45

1. ASA anterior 2/3
2. PSA posterior 1/3

Front 46

What are the segmental/radicular arteries? Which supplies the cervical?thoracic/lumbar? and lower cord?

Back 46

1. Additional arteries coming off the great vessels to give additional blood to the spinal cord
2. Subclavian
3. Descending aorta
4. The Great Anterior Radicular artery

Front 47

What is the arterial vasocorona?

Back 47

1. Anastomosis of the radicular/spinal arteries

Front 48

What is T10? T4? T12?

Back 48

1. Umbilicus
2. Nipple
3. Inguinal

Front 49

What is the butt to the butthole? The perineum? The little toe?

Back 49

1. S3,S4,S5
2. S2,S3,S4
3. S1

Front 50

What is the Big Toes? Lower limbs?

Back 50

1. L4,L5
2. L1,L2,L3, L4

Front 51

What is tabes dorsalis caused by?

Back 51

1. Tertiary syphillis

Front 52

What symptoms would you see in tabes dorsalis?

Back 52

1. Stabbing pains lower limbs
2. Hypersensitivity
3. Lose skin sensation
4. Atonic bladder
5. Lose proprioception
6. Lose deep pain

Front 53

What tabes dorsalis symptoms occur with loss of cerebelllar inputs"?

Back 53

1. Ataxia of lower limbs
2. Hypotonia
3. Loss of reflexes

Front 54

What is syringomyelia associated with?

Back 54

1. Arnold Chiari
2. Type 1 = cerebellar tonsil herniation
3. Type 2 = hydrocephalus, vermis and medulla descend through foramen magnum

Front 55

Where does syringomyelia usually occur? What causes it?

Back 55

1. The cervical segments
2. 50% due to CSF blockage from 4th ventricle to central canal

Front 56

Syringomyelia symptoms once the syrinx developes?

Back 56

1. Segmental losses of pain and temp
2. Eventually paralysis and atrophy of upper limb

Front 57

What is transverse myelitis?results, causes and symptoms?

Back 57

1. Inflammation of the spinal cord
2. Results in demyelination
3. Caused by viral or bacterial infection
4. Similar to spinal cord transection with LMN damage

Front 58

What are the exceptions to see LMN symptoms with damage?(3)

Back 58

1. Spinal Shock
2. Cerebellum stuff
3. Old people with decreased reflexes

Front 59

What does familial spastic paraperesis affect? symptoms?

Back 59

1. all CST's
2. Diplegic gate and stomping

Front 60

What does subacute combined degeneration affect? symptoms?(3)

Back 60

1. Dorsal columns and lateral CST
2. Lose abdominal,cremasteric reflexes
3. Bilateral babinski
4. Positive rhomberg

Front 61

What does spinocerebellar degeneration affect? symptoms?

Back 61

1. Dorsal columns, lateral CST, SCT
2. All proprioception lost, +UMN signs
3. SACD + proprioception

Front 62

What can SACD be caused by? Other symptoms?

Back 62

NOT SPECIFIC Dx
1. B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
2. Parasthesia, weakness
3. ataxia, lethargy, leg stiffness
4. Degeneration of myelin

Front 63

Describe Friedrich's Ataxia? Deficiency? Symptoms, 3 unique*?

Back 63

1. GAA x9, age 5-15
2. Muscle weakness and ataxia
3. Vision and hearing loss
4. Slurred speech
5. SCOLIOSIS, DIABETES MELLITUS, ENLARGED HEART

Front 64

Describe Machodo Joseph? Symptoms?(5)

Back 64

1. Age 15-40
2. Weakness arms and legs
3. Lurching drunken gait
4. Spasticity
5. Problems swallowing and speech
6. Nystagmus, diplopia and polyuria

Front 65

What is the difference between polio and lou gherigs?

Back 65

1. Polio is only LMN
2. ALS has CST involvement so you get UMN signs

Front 66

Describe the spastic bladder?

Back 66

1. Damage above T12
2. UMN like
3. Spasms cause urination

Front 67

Describe the Atonic bladder?

Back 67

1. Damage at S2-4 or spinal shock
2. Bladder gets full and overflows