Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the origin of adult stem cells?
|
Adults
|
|
|
Potential of ASCs:
|
multipotent
|
|
|
3 subcategories of ASCs:
|
1. Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs)
2. Hematopoietic Stem cells 3. Mesenchymal stem cells |
|
|
Where do all 3 subcategores of ASCs arise?
|
In the bone marrow
|
|
|
What type of ASC does not arise in the bone marrow?
|
Restricted stem cells
|
|
|
How are circulating progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from peripheral blood?
|
Via their expression of CD34
|
|
|
What can EPCs do?
|
Microvascularize the heart with new endothelial cells, and maybe re-muscularize it.
|
|
|
Do EPCs generate cardiomycoytes?
|
Hardly
|
|
|
What is the benefit of intravenous EPC transplants?
|
Improved cardiac function
|
|
|
What will Endothelial Progenitor cells be used to treat probably?
|
Ischemia
|
|
|
What does "c-kit+/lin-" mean?
|
c-kit is a marker of stemness
lin- means not differentiated to a specific cell lineage yet |
|
|
What do HSCs hematopoietic stem cells do?
|
Revascularie the heart
|
|
|
What will intra-coronary injection of LARGE NUMBERS of unfractionated stem cells achieve?
|
An increased ejection fraction by 6-14%
|
|
|
What do mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to do?
|
Become bone cartilage fat or endothelial cells - MULTIPOTENTIAL
|
|
|
Is there any evidence of cardiac myocyte regeneration when adult stem cells are autologously transplanted?
|
no
|
|
|
What is the mode of Mesenchymal stem cell therapy?
|
1. Inject MSCs into vascular system
2. MSCs migrate to bone marrow 3. Experimentally injure animal lung w/ bleomycin 4. MSCs migrate from BM to lung to initiate repair. |
|
|
4 strengths of adult stem cells:
|
1. Zooneses minimized
2. Tumor transmission minimized 3. Able to perform autologous transplant obviates immune rejection 4. Minimal ethical concerns |
|
|
2 weaknesses of ASCs:
|
-Limited differentiation ability
-May just fuse with existing cells instead of establishing new tissue |
|
|
What are Restricted-Potential Adult Stem Cells?
|
Stem cells that are stored in niches within the individual tissue to be regenerated.
|
|
|
What are 3 confirmed sites of known restricted ASCs?
|
-Skin
-Small intestine -Skeletal muscle |
|
|
What are 3 possible sites of niches?
|
Brain heart and liver
|
|
|
Where is the skeletal muscle niche for ASCs?
|
Between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma.
|
|
|
What is the potential of these restricted ASCs?
|
UNIpotential - can only become one thing.
|
|
|
Where are the stem cells in the skin?
|
In the basal layer of the dermis
|
|
|
How often does the epidermis turn over?
|
Every two weeks
|
|
|
How many times do the basal layer cells divide during the 2 weeks of epidermal regeneration?
|
4-6 times
|
|
|
What is the exact site of the skin stem cells?
|
The bulge of the hair follicle root sheath.
|
|
|
Where are stem cells in the intestine?
|
In the crypts
|
|
|
What are the strengths of Restricted ASCs?
|
-Never form tumors
-same as other adult stem cells |
|
|
What is the main weakness of restricted potential ASCs?
|
Its difficult to isolate them from niches.
|
