1A. S3/b2 Neuro Basal Ganglia

Front 1

What are the 4 parts of the basal ganglia?

Back 1

1. Striatum
2. Lentiform Nucleus
3. Subthalamic Nucleus
4. Substantia nigra

LeSSS

Front 2

What are the 3 parts of the striatum?

Back 2

1. Caudate
2. Putamen
3. Nucleus Accumbens

Front 3

What are the 2 parts of the lentiform nucleus?

Back 3

1. Putamen
2. Globus pallidus

Front 4

Basal Ganglia big picture

Back 4

1. Feedback to cerebral cortex
2. control of motor responses
3. movement initiation

Front 5

Basal Ganglia/cortical loop(2) what one does to the other

Back 5

1. Motor Cortex excites striatum
2. Basal ganglia output to cortex is inhibitory

Front 6

Section of cortical input to BG(2)

Back 6

1. striatum
2. Recieve

Front 7

Nucleus accumbens, what is it and what for?(2)

Back 7

1. Caudate and putamen fused rostrally
2. Part of reward circuitry

Front 8

What is the 2 segments of the globus pallidus?

Back 8

1. GPe = external
2. GPi = internal is the major inhibitory center

Front 9

The pars compacta does what?(2)

Back 9

1. Part of the substantia nigra that releases DA
2. degenerates during parkinson's

Front 10

Blood supply to the BG?

Back 10

1. All three cerebral arteries and the anterior choroidal

Front 11

Basal Ganglia function?

Back 11

1. Inhibit the cortex in order to select or inhibit motor function

Front 12

Direct pathway of the BG affects motor how?

Back 12

1. Dis - inhibits the thalamus(VA/VL)
2. Stimulates motor cortical regions

Front 13

Purpose of the Indirect pathway of the BG?(2)

Back 13

1. Inhibits the thalamus(VA/VL) and motor cortical regions
3. Prevents unwanted movements/ behaviors

Front 14

DA effect on the Cortex

Back 14

Overall it is excitatory to motor through the direct and indirect BG pathways

Front 15

Function of Dopamine in the Direct pathway and loss?

Back 15

1. SNc release DA that binds to D1 receptor
2. Stimulates the excitatory pathway = increased motor
3.DA loss in Parkinson's = decreased motor

Front 16

Concepts ... what releases DA onto the inhibitory pathway? What does it do? what would happen without DA?

Back 16

1. SNc releases DA to bind to D2
2. Inhibits the inhibitory pathway = disinhibition
3. Loss would mean the inhibitory keeps inhibiting

Front 17

Dyskinesia? and Dz?

Back 17

1. Improper(involuntary) movement
2.Parkinson's

Front 18

Hyperkinetic movements(def and dz)

Back 18

1. Involves excessive movement

2. Tourettes, Huntingtons

Front 19

Hypokinetic movement(def and Dz)

Back 19

1. Loss of motion

2. Parkinson's

Front 20

Athetosis

Back 20

1. Slow sinuous movements of the limbs and face

Front 21

Ballismus

Back 21

1. Movements with large amplitude, with a rotating or flinging quality

Front 22

Chorea

Back 22

1. Spontaneous irregularly timed movements
2. Bad hippie choreography

Front 23

Dystonia

Back 23

1. Abnormal distorted positions of the limb, trunk or face

Front 24

Ridgidity

Back 24

1. Increased resistance to passive movement of the limbs

Front 25

Tics

Back 25

1. Sudden brief action, preceded by urge to perform it and relief afterwards

Front 26

Types of Tremors(4)

Back 26

1. Slow or fast, resting, postural or intention

Front 27

Hyperkinetic disorders(4)

Back 27

1. Huntington's
2. Hemi-ballismus
3. Dystonias
4. Tourette syndrome

HHTD

Front 28

Dementia and Dialated ventricles

Back 28

Brain matter is degenerating around the lateral ventricles enlarging them

Front 29

What is Huntington's Dz(4)

Back 29

1. Triplet CAG repeat x4
2. Degeneration of the Caudate
4. Lateral ventricles enlarged
3. Decreased brakes = GABAergic neurons

Front 30

Tetrabenazine

Back 30

1. Anti-convulsant that decreases dopamine

Front 31

Sydenham Chorea(3)

Back 31

1. Girls not boys
2. Caused by rheumatic fever
3. Targets basal ganglia but can reverse

Front 32

Hemi-ballismus(3) where's the lesion and what's the problem?

Back 32

1. Lesion of STN
2. Wild flailing arms contralateral
3. Lose thalamic inhibitors

Front 33

Dystonia syndrome(4)

Back 33

1. Slow, involuntary movements
2. Blepherospasms(eye tics) or Torticulitis(neck posture)
3. Tx temporalily with botulinum toxin

Crick Neck syndrome

Front 34

Tardive dyskinesia(2)

Back 34

1. Involuntary movement of mouth/face
2. Due to antipsychotics

Front 35

Parkinson's(5) and hypokinetic disorders symptoms

Back 35

1. T-remor(at rest)
2. cogwheel R-idgidity
3. A-kinesia
4. P-ostural instability
5. masklike face

You are TRAPped in your body

Front 36

What can cause parkinson's(3)

Back 36

1. Decreased SNc DA
2. Lewy body inclusions
3. Sometimes MPTP drug

Lewis took drugs and depleted his DA

Front 37

Parkinson's Tx(5)

Back 37

1. Anti-muscarinics
2. DA agonists
3. MAO inhibitors
4. Deep brain stimulation
5. Stem Cells

Front 38

Wilson's Dz

Back 38

1. Cu metabolism problem
2. Build up in Eyes
3. ABCD
A-sterixis(wrist flap tremor)
B-asal ganglia degeneration
C-eruloplasmin dec.,Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits, Cu accumulation, Carcinoma, Choreaform movments
D-ementia