1945-Civil Rights Movement

Front 1

Truman Doctrine and/or Containment

Back 1

U.S. would not instigate a war with the Soviet Union but would help those opposed to Communism and stop the spread of communism.

Front 2

Long Telegram

Back 2

Telegram sent to Washington D.C. by George Kennan, laid out much of the ideas of the policy of containment.

Front 3

Marshall Plan

Back 3

program named after Secretary of State George Marshall that sent $12 billion dollars to rebuild Europe after World War II.

Front 4

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Back 4

Mutual defense alliance between the United States and Western Europe.

Front 5

Berlin Blockade

Back 5

After Great Britain, France and the United State announced that they were merging their zones of occupation into the nation of West Germany, West Berlin was blockaded and cut off from Western Supplies.

Front 6

Berlin Airlift

Back 6

American response to the Berlin Blockade, airlifting of supplies to the people of West Berlin.

Front 7

National Security Council

Back 7

group of foreign policy advisors who work for the President.

Front 8

Central Intelligence Agency

Back 8

U.S. spy and intelligence organization.

Front 9

Mao Zedong

Back 9

Communist leader who won the Chinese Revolution (Civil War) and established a communist government in China.

Front 10

Alger Hiss

Back 10

former state department official who found guilty of lying under oath about connections to Communist agents. No hard evidence.

Front 11

Joseph McCarthy

Back 11

Senator from Wisconsin who claimed to have a list of 200 communist agents working in the State Department. Exposed as a fraud.

Front 12

Blacklist

Back 12

list created by businesses. List contained the names of those accused of being Communist, they would be prevented from getting jobs.

Front 13

Army-McCarthy Hearings

Back 13

McCarthy hearing in which he accused the army of protecting communist. The army fought back and McCarthy's lies were uncovered in part by Edward R. Murrow who hosted a popular TV show.

Front 14

President's Committee on Civil Rights

Back 14

special committee created by Truman that called for an end to segregation and the end of the poll tax.

Front 15

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 15

restricted labor union rights, prohibited the use of union funds for political purposes and gave wide power for the government to intervene in strikes.

Front 16

consensus of values

Back 16

Series of beliefs held by many of Americans in the 1950s.
U.S. is the best nation and communism was evil and had to be stopped.
A good job, home in the suburbs and access to modern conveniences did constitute the "good life"

Front 17

G.I. Bill of Rights or Serviceman's Readjustment Act

Back 17

provided an allowance for education, money to create a business or to buy a house.

Front 18

Interstate Highway System

Back 18

government developed highway system that had huge economic benefits to the nation.

Front 19

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 19

Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr.

If I have to explain it to you, don't take the test.

Front 20

"Massive Retaliation"

Back 20

descriptor of the massive retaliatory attack the U.S. would launch if ever attacked by the Soviet Union.

Front 21

Brinkmanship

Back 21

policy by Sec of State John Foster Dulles that he U.S. would be willing to escalate conflict with the Soviet Union to the brink of war.

Front 22

Domino Theory

Back 22

theory that if one Southeast nation fell to communism that the rest would follow.

Front 23

"military industrial complex"

Back 23

the combination of the military might and highly profitable arms industries created a powerful alliance whose interest was not in the best interest of the people.
Coined by Pres. Eisenhower.

Front 24

New Frontier

Back 24

Kennedy plan for fighting poverty, racism and other problems would be just was rewarding as the efforts of the pioneers who settled the west.

Front 25

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Back 25

CIA backed plan to land Cuban exiles back in Cuba in an attempt to over throw Fidel Castro and the Communist.

Front 26

Berlin Wall

Back 26

wall that divided free West Berlin from Communist East Berlin. Built by the East German Government to stop their people from fleeing.

Front 27

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 27

After the discovery of offensive Soviet missiles being installed in Cuba, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba. Eventually, the missiles were withdrawn from the island.

Front 28

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Back 28

Organization founded by Martin Luther King Jr.
Staged sit ins, boycotts and other forms of peaceful protest.

Front 29

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Back 29

organization of white and black students that opposed segregation in the south.

Front 30

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 30

outlawed discrimination based on a person's gender, race, color or religion.

Front 31

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 31

cracked down on states that tried to deny voting rights to minority.

Front 32

"Great Society"

Back 32

LBJ's social agenda that helped the poor, advanced civil rights and expanded the Federal government's role in education.

Front 33

Malcolm X

Back 33

Urged blacks to claim their rights by any means and argued for the creation of an all black nation in America. Later moderated his views after traveling to Mecca for the Islamic pilgrimage.