1920's Unit Test Review

Front 1

17th Amendment

Back 1

direct election of senators

Front 2

18th Amendment

Back 2

-established prohibition
-promoted by temperance movement
-enforced by the Volstead Act
-established the Prohibition Bureau, which was in charge of
enforcement of prohibition
-generated the establishment and popularity of speakeasies
-indirectly promoted the development of organized crime
-benefited gangsters like Al Capone
-banned the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcohol.
- increased disrespect for law
-led to bootlegging

Front 3

19th Amendment

Back 3

Women’s Suffrage

Front 4

20th Amendment

Back 4

New president takes office on January 20

Front 5

21st Amendment

Back 5

Repealed Prohibition

Front 6

Fordney-McCumber Act

Back 6

-established high taxes on foreign imports
-made it difficult for Britain and France to repay war debt to US

Front 7

Volstead Act

Back 7

-established provisions to enforce the 18th Amendment
-established the Prohibition Bureau in the US Treasury Department
-was under-funded and thus ineffective.

Front 8

The Immigration Act of 1924

Back 8

-Amended the Emergency Quota Act of 1921
-Allowed unlimited immigration from Latin America
-Restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe
-severely restricted Asian immigration
-It allowed only 2% of the nation’s population in the 1890 census to be
admitted

Front 9

McNary-Haugen bill

Back 9

-provided for Federal price supports for key crops, such as wheat, corn,
cotton, tobacco
-Vetoed twice by Coolidge

Front 10

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

Back 10

-Established the highest protective tariff in US history
-Sought to protect domestic farmers and manufacturers from foreign competition
-Had the opposite effect
-Prevented other countries from earning currency sufficient to buy
US goods
-Caused greater unemployment as a result of US companies losing markets overseas
-Triggered retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries
-World trade fell 40% as a result

Front 11

The Kellogg-Briand Pact

Back 11

-an agreement between 15 nations that renounced war as a national policy

Front 12

Charles Evans Hughes

Back 12

-Secretary of State under President Harding
-urged the five major naval powers – the US, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy – scrap many of their largest war ships

Front 13

Clarence Darrow

Back 13

-Represented Scopes in the Scopes trial
-Argued in favor of teaching evolution in schools

Front 14

William Jennings Bryan

Back 14

-Opposed the teaching of evolution in schools
-Represented the state of Tennessee in the Scopes trial
-Favored Creationism

Front 15

Charles Darwin

Back 15

Scientist who developed the theory of evolution

Front 16

William Borah

Back 16

Senator opposed to US entry into the League of Nations

Front 17

Billy Sunday

Back 17

-Fundamentalist preacher opposed to teaching evolution in the schools

Front 18

Warren G. Harding (Republican)

Back 18

-elected in 1920
-His presidential administration was beset by scandals, such as the Teapot Dome scandal
-promoted a policy of ‘Normalcy’ in the years immediately after WW1
-favored isolationism
-promoted conservatism
-died in office

Front 19

Calvin Coolidge (Republican)

Back 19

-Took over presidency after Harding died in office

Front 20

Herbert Hoover (Republican)

Back 20

-Secretary of State under Harding and Coolidge
-President of the US
-elected in 1928 over Al Smith
-Opposed direct intervention (relief) to help people after the stock market crash
-urged businesses to share information because he felt it would lead to companies developing better products more efficiently.

Front 21

Charles A. Lindbergh

Back 21

solo flight across the Atlantic for the first time in history

Front 22

George Gershwin

Back 22

-He was a composer of popular music during the 1920’s
-he merged traditional elements of music with jazz

Front 23

Georgia O’Keeffe

Back 23

-She was a painter during the twenties
-her use of intense color focused on New York and on extreme close-ups of flowers

Front 24

Sinclair Lewis

Back 24

-He was the first American to earn a Nobel Prize

Front 25

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Back 25

-His novel, The Great Gatsby and others revealed the negative side of the roaring twenties

Front 26

Edna St. Vincent Millay

Back 26

-her works of literature celebrated freedom, youth, and independence
-she tried to defend Sacco and Vanzetti

Front 27

Ernest Hemingway

Back 27

-Nobel prize winning author who represented the lost generation with novels such as The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms.

Front 28

The election of 1920

Back 28

-Harding (Republican) defeated Cox (Democrat)

Front 29

The election of 1924

Back 29

Coolidge (Republican) defeated Davis (Democrat)

Front 30

The election of 1928

Back 30

Hoover (Republican) crushed Smith (Democrat)

Front 31

The election of 1932

Back 31

-Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Dem.) defeated Herbert Hoover (Rep.)

Front 32

Conservatism in the 1920’s

Back 32

-this era focused on ‘normalcy’ after the losses of WW 1 policies promoted during this era favored isolationism
-this era fostered an era of pro-business.
-during this era, Tariffs were established to protect American businesses
-immigration limits were imposed during this era
-this era undermined issues addressed by the progressive movement
-policies promoted during this era limited taxation on wealthy Americans
-policies promoted during this era discouraged further rights for women

Front 33

The Great Migration

Back 33

-a movement of black Americans from the rural south into northern cities

Front 34

Anarchists

Back 34

a group that opposed the establishment of any kind of government

Front 35

Immigrants

Back 35

-individuals who migrate to one nation from another
-these individuals were treated with increasing hostility during the 1920’s
-Quotas limited the number of these people who were allowed to enter the US during the 1920’s; particularly those from southern and eastern
Europe and those of Jewish or Roman Catholic faith

Front 36

Sacco and Vanzetti

Back 36

-this pair of radical Italian immigrants was executed in the electric chair after being questionably convicted of robbery and murder
-many supporters of these men, including Edna St. Vincent Millay, believed they had been wrongfully convicted based on their status as immigrants and radicals

Front 37

Problems after World War I

Back 37

-included violent labor strikes
-the Boston Police Strike
-The Steel Mill Strike
-the Coal Miners’ Strike
-included bomb scares
-included urban race riots
-included food shortages

Front 38

John L. Lewis

Back 38

-he was a hero to working people
-a powerful leader of the United Mine Workers of America
-led the Coal Miners’ Strike
-won a 27% wage increase for miners from President Wilson

Front 39

Red Scare

Back 39

-a period during the 1920’s involving fear of the spread of Communism and mass suspicion of potential communists
-occurred in the US in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution that established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Front 40

Palmer Raids

Back 40

-these were conducted following the Bolshevik Revolution
-led by US Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and a young J. Edgar Hoover, agents of the federal government attempted to hunt down and prosecute suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists, violating civil liberties in the process

Front 41

Post WW1 isolationism

Back 41

-led to the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations.
-promoted by Senators Henry Cabot Lodge and William Borah
-favored by conservative Republicans such as Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover

Front 42

Economic inequality

Back 42

-this meant that many groups living in the US were unaffected by the economic
‘boom’ of the 1920’s
-these groups included farmers, laborers, and immigrants

Front 43

Roaring Twenties

Back 43

-Included a period of expanding popular culture including: jazz, ragtime, and blues, flappers (who were the unfortunate victims of a double standard that allowed men to act freely while questioning women
who did the same), fads, speakeasies, entertainment, sports heroes,
and other celebrities.

Front 44

Ku Klux Klan

Back 44

-members of this group hid their identity behind white sheets
-this group believed in white supremacy

Front 45

Immigration Restriction League

Back 45

-this group tried to prevent people, particularly those from southern and
eastern Europe and those of the Jewish and Roman Catholic faith, from
entering the US, and they believed in white supremacy

Front 46

Henry Ford

Back 46

-this industrialist produced the first mass-produced automobile, the Model T

Front 47

The Teapot Dome Scandal

Back 47

This political problem involved Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior under Herbert Hoover, who improperly leased oil-rich land to the Mammoth Oil
Company

Front 48

Nativism

Back 48

-America’s fear of anarchists and communists
-Fear of future mail bombings by anarchists