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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lenin was born in ____
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1880, who was born?
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1887 Lenin's brother Alexander was executed for being a conspirator in the killing of________
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Tsar Alexander III was killed: this man was executed in 1887 for being a conspirator
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The Social Democratic Party split into the______ and the _____ in 1903
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This party split into the Menshiveks (minority) and the Bolsheivks (marjority) in what year?
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Lenin became the leader of which party?
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_____ became a leader of the Bolsheviks
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This event, also known as Bloody Sunday, undermined the power of the tsar and the disastrous Russo-Japanese War 1905, proved _________
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Revolution of 1905 did what?
What proved the ineffectuality of the Russian military? |
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In 1914 Russia joined ______ as a member of ________ to prove her reliability and strength against the Central Powers
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Why did Russia join France with the Entente Cordial?
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This woman relied on self proclaimed "holy man" Grigori Rasputin, who was assassainated in 1916
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Empress Alexandra, German born wife of the last of the Romanovs, Tsar Nicholas II, relied on whom?
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In 1917 bread riots broke out in ________.why did this happen?
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In Petrograd, or St. Petersburg in 1917 what erupted as a response to the failed war effort, food shortages, inflation, and a lack of trust in the tsar
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Nicholas dissolved the _______ beofre the Russion Revolution
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The duma was dissolved by ________ pre RR
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members of the Duma formed the ________, headed by Prince George Lvov
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The Provisional Government was headed by whom?
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Workers, soldiers and sailors elected the _______ and ________, but power was shared between the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet
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Soldiers' Deputies and Soviet of Workers' were formed by soldiers, workers and sailors, but the power was shared between __________ and ____________
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What does the word "soviet" mean in Russian?
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This word means "council" in Russian
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This man replaced Lvov, the head of the Provisional Government
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Alexander Karensky replaced _____ as the head of the Provisional government
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Army Order #1 was what? it lead to a breakdown of discipline
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this put the command of the Russian army into the hands of elected officilas and took authority away from the officers
it lead to a breakdown of discipline |
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At the end of March in 1917 an All Russian Congress of Soviets met in Petrograd- what did they call for?
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This group called for an immediate end to the war in Russia in 1917, but this was defeated by the provisional government.
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Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) leader and Minister of Foreign Affairs sent a note to the Allies calling for war until victory, causing what?
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Anti war riots broke out in petrograd. forcing the minister to resign.
Alexander Karensky was the new leader of the first coalition government |
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Lenin focused the Bolsheviks on these 4 things
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a) pulling Russia out of the war
b) there was very little popular support for the Provisional Government c) wanting revolutions in other european countries d) redistribution of the land from the large estates to the peasants |
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Lenin's April Theses
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called for a revolution by the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie
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Riots, known as the _______, broke out against the government when it decided not to end the war
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July Days broke out in Petrograd
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Pravda
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a newspaper closed by Karensky's government following the July days
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Kornilov Affair
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While government was failing, General Kornilov, commander in chief of the army, tried to initiate a coup to establish a military dictatorship
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Lenin fled to _______ after insurrection failed
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____ fled to Finland after revolution failed
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Lenin promised the people 3 things:
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peace, land and bread were promised by whom?
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_______ was the leader of the Petrograd Soviet, organized the factory workers
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Leon Trotsky. Commissar for foreign affairs, did what?
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what was Stalin's title in the Council of People's Commissars?
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Who was commissar for nationalities in the Council of People's Commirssars?
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Who was Commissar for foreign affairs under the Council of People's Commissars?
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Trotsky was what under the COPC?
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Who was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars?
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Lenin was what in the COPC?
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When Lenin dissolved the constituent assembly, ______ fired on protestors
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The Red Guard did what in response to riots following the dissolution of the constituent assembly?
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Cheka would eventually become _____
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A secret police force that would eventually become the KGB
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Lenin had created the ________, his own system which replaced the autocratic tsar!
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Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR), had replaced the autrocratic tsar.
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Almost immediately after they began ruling, the Bolsheviks tired to destroy _____
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The Greek Orthodox church was destroyed by the _______
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The Julian calendar was replaced with the __________ calender during the Bolshevik rule
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Gregorian calender replaced _______
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Opponents of the Bolsheviks were called the _______, opposin the Bolshevik Reds
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Whites opposed the Bolshevik _____
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed by which Russian to end fighting with Germany?
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Russia signed this, signing off most fertile lands to the Germans, was signed by Trotsky on March 3 1918
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Which group in the Russian civil war called themselves the communists?
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The Bolsheviks called themselves ________ in the Russian Civil war
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War Communism was implemented by ________ which did what? did it succeed?
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Lenin implemented this policy which took food from the countryside to feed the cities
it failed because population declined |
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Kronstadt Rebellion
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This rebellion was suppressed by firing on the mutineers
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In 1919 Lenin created the Communist Internation (Comintern) to help spread the _____ to other countries
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The Bolshevik revolution was spread by this group, created by Lenin
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This was added in place of War Communism
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New Economic policy allowed some capitalism and private ownership, intended to stimulate the economy
this was added in place of____ |
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Treaty of rapallo
shocked because Germany was the first recognized the Bolshevik government |
1922 Russia treaty with Germany
shocked other European nations because___ |
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Union of Soviet Sovialist Republic (USSR) when was created
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1924 a new constitution created
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Leon Trotsky advocated ____________ a continiuing world struggle for communism
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permanent Revolution
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Where was Trotsky exiled?
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Mexico
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Age of Anxiety
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optimism of 1914 was replaced by a general pessimism after 1918 was called_______
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2 new ideas surfaced in Age of Anxiety
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logical empirialism and existentialism appeared during Age of Anxiety
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Logical imperialism, espoused by __________, rejected _______
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
all traditional philisophical thought |
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Existentialism developed more in _____________
many practitioners were disciples of __________ |
THis philosophy developed more in continental countries
they were often disciples of Nietsche |
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Jean Paul Satre
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climed thatr humans simply exiswt in a meaningless life
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Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers found a willing audience where? why?
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found a willing audiece in Germany after WWI, especially amongst students
people had become disillusioned |
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Christian Existentialists
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theologians who shared the anxiety and despari fot the existentialist, but believed that people needed faith in God and God's forgiveness
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most famous Christian existentialist
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Soren Kierkegaard- Danish thoelogian was most famous ________
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New physics
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developed in late 1800s and early 1900s seemd to offer incredible opportunity
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Ernest Rutherford demostrated that________
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this man demonstrated that the atom could be split
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Werner Heisenberg formulated the _____________
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principle of uncertainty was made by _____, which said that it was not possible to predict the behavior of an electron
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Virginia Woolf
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developed a style of writing known as stream of conciousness, which emphasized emotions and feelings
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James Joyce
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Irish novelist
Ulysses 1922 |
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TS Elliot's poem
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The Wasteland 1922
about desolation and lack of hope |
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2 most significant styles of art in 20s and 30s were
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Dadaism and surrealism
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Dadaism
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painting controversial images with unconventional attributes\
Mona Lisa with a mustache |
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surrealism
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took nonsensical idea of Dadaism further
completely fantastic and imaginative |
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Bauhaus movement
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architecture was defined by _____
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Walter Gropius
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founded bauhaus movement
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BBC
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british broadcasting Corporation
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Russian director Sergei Eisenstein is best known for_____
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this man is known for history epics
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Hitler used this man to make propaganda classic "The Triumph of Will" which was based on a rally where
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Leni Riefenstahl was used to make which propaganda classic, which was based off of a Nazi rally in Nuremberg
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Representation of Peoples Act of 1918
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gave the vote to nearly all men and women over 30 in Great Britain
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full electoral equality occurred with the passage of the ______
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Representation of the Peoples act of 1928
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Prime minister David Lloyed George won in _________ named for the number of returning soldiers who voted
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Khaki election was what?
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Anglo Irish Treaty 1921
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British parliament created the free Irish state
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another name for norther Ireland
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Ulster was another name for what
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Ramsay Macdonald
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first prime minister of the Labor Party
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Stanly Baldwin easily claimed ________
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this man easily claimed the majority house
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Little Entente- which countries, and why did France sign alliances with all of the countries?
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Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania
This country allied with them to counter German invasion |
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National Bloc- what is it, and what did what when Germany stopped paying reparations?
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wanted to make Germany pay for the war
French soldiers occupied the Ruhr |
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Who won the elections in 1936 in France?
a coalition of socialists, Radical and Communists |
The Popular Front was composed of whom?
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Conservative authoritarianism and totalitarianism
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2 forms of governement dominated Euro politics and seemed to answer to the uncertainty of the era
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European leaders such as Metternich had long adopted ____ as their form of government
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Conservative Authoritarianism
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________ dictators emerged in Germany, Russia and Italy
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totalitarian leaders emerged in which countries after 1918?
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Benito Mussolini organized what party?
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The facist party was organized by which Italian
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Title of Mussolini as leader
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Il Duce was who's title as leader of Italy?
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Mussolini promised to turn the Mediterranear sea into ____ a term used by the Romans
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Mare nostrum,
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Mussolini started the _____, or squandristi, a parliamentary force to make sure opposition was silenced
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Black shirts
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who appointed Mussolini premier
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Victor Emmanuel did what to Mussolini?
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Giacomo Mattetotti
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murdered after challengingt the authority of the Facists in Italy
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Aventine Succession
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socialists walked out of the government of Italy
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This quote summed up Mussolini's philosophies
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"Everything in the state, nothing outside of the state, nothing against the state" summed up whose philosophies?
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The Italian economy was divided into _______ under Mussolini
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syndacates
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in 1935 Mussolini ordered the invasion of _______
leader of this country, _______, appealed to the League of nations |
Ethiopia was invaded by ______ in what year?
Haille Selassie appealed to whom or help? |
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Who led the nationalists in the Spanish Civil War?
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General Franco
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Rome Berlin Axis
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Hitler proclaimed this in 1936
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Anti Comintern Pact
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Italy, Germany and Japan signed this, pledging to fight communism
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Freiedrich Ebert led which group?
what did he declare? |
this man, the leader of the Sovial Democrats, declared Germany a republic
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The "stab in the back" theory
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belief in Germany during Fredrich Ebert's time, which said that the military was being sold out by the politicians
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Spatacists Revolt was led by ______ and ________. this was a coup in what city?
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Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg led _______ in Berlin in 1919
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Free corps did what?
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a group of soldiers and former soldiers, helped suppress the Spartasicsts Revolt
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The German national assembly met in what city?
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Which group met in Weimar Germay in 1919?
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Reichstag and Reichsrat
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The lower house and the upper house in Germany in 1919
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Wolfgang Kapp lead conservative nationalists to take over Berlin in which revolt
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who led the _______ Putsch in 1920 to take over the German government?
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HItler joined ultra right wing group ________________- he gained control of the party and started the Brown shirts
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National Socialist German Worker's Party- Hitler started which group, which was a group of his closest followers?
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head of the Lutwaffe
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Hermann Goering
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Nazi party deputy leader
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Rudolf Hess
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French conservative minister _________ ordered troops to occupy the Ruhr valley
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Raymond Poincare
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Ruhr Crisis
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German government tried to solve money crisis by printing more
led to inflation and hyperinflation savings were wiped out |
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Gustav Streseman
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Chancelor of Germany 1923
implemented currency reforms in response to the Ruhr crisis introduced exchange rate of one new mark to one trillion old marks |
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Beer Hall Putsch
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Nazis tried to take over the government during turmoil following Ruhr crisis
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March on Rome
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Mussolini takes Rome
this inspires Hitler in his coup |
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General Ludendorff
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staged a coup with Hitler- which failed
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Mein Kampf
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My Struggle
Hitler wrote this book in prison, where he staid for nine months after a failed coup |
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Dawes Plan
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American Charles Dawes led a commitee whose goal was to reevaluate the reparations to Germany after WWI
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A name for Hitler's idea of living space
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Lebensraum
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