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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the intestine consists of?
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》it is made of the proximal small intestine and the distal large intestine
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small inrestines is made up of?
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duodenum,jejunum and ileum
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lager intestine is msde up of?
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caecum,colon snd rectum
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describe the Duodenum
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it is short , closely attached to abdominal roof by the mesoduodenum
is made up of the descending duodenum , the caudal flexure and ascending duodenum. it is related to the medial or visceral surface of the liver , the right body wall, the pancreas and the right kidney |
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what direction does the duodenum passes and to where?
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it passes caudodorsally and caudally to reah the prlvic inlet where it passes medially behind the root of the mesentry.
-* it then ascends a short distance on the left and bends ventrally, continuing as the jejenum |
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the jejenum and ileum
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》they both occupy the abdominal floor
》jejenum forms coils which a joined by the mesentry to the wall of the abdomen 》there is no sharp boundary tween the hejenum and ileum 》 small intestine lies between the liver and stomach cranially and pelvic inlet caudally |
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what organs discharges into the duodenum?
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the liver and the pancreas
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in the liver of a dog...
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the bile duct and pancreatic ducts didcharges separately into the duodenum .
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in a horse, the duodenum ...
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the initial part of the duodenum forms a sigmoid flexure
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the sigmoid flexure...
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..is related to the base of the ceacum to which It is attached to
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in the horse, the bile and pancreatic ducts open via...
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a single papilla within an enclosure
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the accessory panceatic ducts in a horse ...
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opens separately
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the small intestines of a horse are...
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piled into the left dorsal part of the abdomen where the coils mingle with the descending colon
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what distinguishes the ileum and jejunum in a horse?
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the ileum has a thicker wall and a firmer consistency
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location of the small intestine of an ox
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it is parked mainly into the dorsal part of the right abdominal cavity with the first part of the duodenum passes almost vertically to the visceral surface of the liver where it forms several bends
*most of the coils are packed into the superomental recess |
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the large intestine is divided into ..
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◇ the caecum, colon and rectum
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describe the colon in an ox
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it is deffrentiated into the ascending colon , transverse colon and descending colon
* diameter of the colon is larger than that of the small intestine lumen is also larger |
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the ceacum is..
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a blind sac between the ileum and the colon
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in the dog, the ceacum is..
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■short, spiral in form, attached to the ileum by folds
■the opening is guarded by the cecocolic sphincter |
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in the dog the colon is..
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》shaped like a shepherd's crook
》the ascending colon is short , 》 the transverse colon runs across the abdomen from right to left between the stomach and the mass of the small intestine 》the descending colon is the longest and follows the flank to the pelvic cavity where it continues to the pelvic cavity with the rectum . 》the rectum is the most dorsal part of the pelvic viscera and lies above the reproductive organs , urinary bladder and urethra . |
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the colon is suspended by..
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the mesorectum to the abdominal wall
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describe the rectum
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¤ the anal canal is the opening of the rectum
¤ it is bounded by two sphincters: internal and external *the internal- thickening of the circular smooth muscle of the gut while the external- striated muscle |
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anal sacs..
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□found in the anal region in the mucosa and surrounding skin
□are located ventrolateral to the anus between the external and internal sphincters □sac opens at the anocutaneous junction through a single duct and has a foul smell . |
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the large intestine of a horse...
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-it is enormous and has sacculations or haustra
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what is haustra?
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sacculations formed by the concentration of external longitudinal muscle and elastic fibers at certain positions
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describe the ceacum of a horse
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it is made up of: the base, the body and the apex
■the base is the expanded part, ■the body is curved ■ the apex is the blind ventral part in large horses, its holding capacity may be up to 30 liters |
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description of the of the horse's ceaum
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the body runs ventrally and cranially :
◆reaches the abdominal floor tween the ventral parts of the ascending colon . it has four teniae ◆ the cranial part of the base forms an overhanging enlargement *it lies in the flank region , dorsal part of the abdomen , partly under cover of the ribs . it is in contact with the roof of the abdomen from about the 15th to the level of the coxal tuber ◆the apex is located close to the xiphoid cartilage |
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describe the colon of a horse
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the colon has : ascending , transverse and descending parts
●the ascending and transverse colon constitute the large colon and the decending forms the small colon |
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describe the ascending colon of a horse
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●it is arranged in four parallel limbs and has 3 flexures
●the sequence is: right ventral colon , ventral diaphragmatic flexure, right dorsal colon . ●the cecocolic region forms a sigmoid flexure *the right ventral colon first runs ventrally and then cranially on the abdominal floor ● On reaching the diaphragm, it turns to the left at the ventral diaphragmatic flexure to continue as the left ventral colon which passes on the abdominal floor caudally ●the pelvic flexure has a reduced diameter,no haustrations and inly has one band *left ventral colon turns into the pelvic flexure at a 180° angle *towards the termination of the left dorsal colon , it is related to the spleen , and the stomach |
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when doing a rectal examinition on a horse what can be easily palpated?
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the pelvic flexure
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describe the right dorsal colon of a horse
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*the right dorsal colon leads to a short transverse colon which is followed by the decending colon . it is connected to the abdominal roof , the base of the ceacum and the roof of the mesentry. it is the shortest and widest part
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