1.9 Histology

Front 1

Axons within the CNS are called?

Back 1

Tract

fascicle
fasciculus
funinculus
lemniscus
peduncle
commisure

Front 2

the complementary structure to a tract in the PNS

Back 2

Nerve

Front 3

the group of cell bodies in the CNS. Does not usually have a covering and is separated by fiber tracts or structures such as ventricles

Back 3

nucleus

Front 4

a group of cell bodies in the PNS. Are covered by specialized Endothelial cells.

Back 4

Ganglion

Front 5

(4) All refer to the cell nucleus and its surrounding cytoplasm in both the CNS and PNS

Back 5

Soma
Cyton
Cell Body
Perikaryon

Front 6

Sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord are a classic example of what type of cell?

Back 6

Unipolar neuron

Front 7

? are typically long projections neurons that are required to project to remote parts of the brain or body.

Back 7

Unipolar Neurons

Front 8

Unipolar have a long single process that extends away from the cell body called ?

Back 8

Neurite

Front 9

Bipolar Neurons are found in the ? , ? and ?

Back 9

Retina

Olfactory Bulb

CN VIII

Front 10

these cells comprise the vast majority of neurons int he brain. they typically have 4 or more dendrites and 1 axon

Back 10

multipolar

Front 11

True or False

Neurons can be classified based on size of the SOMA.

Back 11

True

Front 12

? neurons have LARGE CELL BODIES and are typically found in projection neurons.

Back 12

Golgi Type I

Front 13

? neurons are small and are typically local INTERNEURONS

Back 13

Golgi Type II

Front 14

Name the types of synapses

Back 14

dendro-dendritic

axo-axonic

axo-somatic

Front 15

Supporting cell for the CNS and PNS are called?

Back 15

Glial Cells

Front 16

Name the GLIAL CELLS of the nervous system

KNOW THEM!!! useful for figuring out GFAP questions

Back 16

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann Cells

Front 17

In the CNS ---

Myelin is produced by ? cells. These cells can cover MULTIPLE axons.

Back 17

Oligodendrocytes

Front 18

In the PNS --

Myelin is produced by ? cells. These cells can ONLY COVER ONE AXON.

Back 18

Schwann

Front 19

True or False

OLIGODENDROCYTES help axons to regrow.

Back 19

FALSE

only SCHWANN CELLS in the PNS allow axon regrowth!!!

Front 20

Sensory information coming INTO the CNS would be considered as ? information.

Back 20

AFFERENT


sensory information that is processed by a nucleus and sent to another would then be EFFERENT!!!

Front 21

REMEMBER!!!!

AFFERENT information ARRIVES

EFFERENT information EXITS

Back 21

DONT YOU DARE FORGET THIS AGAIN

>:O

Front 22

REMEMBER

generally MUSCLE / MOTOR information is considered EFFERENT

Back 22

generally SENSORY information is considered AFFERENT

Front 23

? are cells that process neural information locally within a given nucleus. Are critical in the CNS.

Back 23

interneuron

Front 24

True or False

Action potential is SELF-PROPAGATING and DOES NOT DECREASE with either distance from the soma or over time.

Back 24

True

Front 25

True or False

Action potentials can be added together to produce a larger action potential.

Back 25

FALSE

action potential CANNOT be added together


Graded Potentials CAN be added together

Front 26

True or False

Graded Potentials are associated with VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS.

Back 26

False

graded potential = NON-VOLTAGE

action potential = VOLTAGE

Front 27

? is a special graded potential associated with the release of neurotransmitters.

Back 27

Secretory Potential

Front 28

FIBER TYPE?
SPEED?

proprioception
stretch
primary muscle spindle afferents
motor efferent to muscles

Back 28

Aα Ia


Fast

Front 29

FIBER TYPE?
SPEED?

contractile force: Golgi Tendon Organ afferents

Back 29

Aα Ib

fast

Front 30

FIBER TYPE?
SPEED?

Nociception: in inflammatory or visceral pain
Thermal Sense

Back 30

C IV

Slow

Front 31

ANTEROGRADE transport occurs at two different rates

Back 31

Fast Rate (transmitter and proteins)

Slow Rate (skeletal structure components)

Front 32

True or False

RETROGRADE transport occurs at only FAST RATE

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False

NEUROGLIA are a class of cells that support neurons but are NOT DERIVED from NEUROBLASTS

Back 33

True

Front 34

What cell in the nervous system produces SCAR TISSUE in the CNS?

Back 34

Astrocytes

Front 35

Astrocyte---

found in GRAY MATTER?

found in WHITE MATTER?

form critical bridges during brain development?

Back 35

Protoplasmic --gray

Fibrous --white

Radial --development

Front 36

What neuroglia cell serves as part of the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

Back 36

Astrocytes

Front 37

Specialized gilal cells that line the ventricles of the brain. They serve as the barrier between spinal fluid and the brain.

Back 37

Ependyma

Front 38

True or False

Central Nerves have a endoneurium sheath that covers individual axons.

Back 38

FALSE

only PERIPHERAL NERVES have the endoneurium

Front 39

EPINEURIUM is continuous with the CNS ? of the cranial and spinal nerves.

Back 39

DURA

Front 40

What is critical for the re-attachment of severed peripheral nerves.

Back 40

Epineurium

Front 41

Arteries penetrate the EPINEURIUM and branch to arterioles and travels with the ? of the nerve.

Back 41

PERINEURIUM

Front 42

Capillaries that supply PERIPHERAL NERVES are located in the ?

Back 42

Endoneurium

Front 43

What is WALLERIAN DEGENERATION?

the silver stain stains ?

Back 43

distal segment of the axon degenerates


stains MYELIN left behind by axon degeneration

Front 44

What is a GROWTH CONE?

Back 44

proximal axon degenerates and the remaining portion of axon will seal itself off and later extend itself as a GROWTH CONE to attempt re-establish of connections

Front 45

True or False

when a neuron dies--other neurons that send info to the cell will also die unless they can be supported by other living cells.

Back 45

True

called TRANS-NEURONAL DEGENERATION

Front 46

? produces the (CSF)

Back 46

Choroid Plexus