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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Who found King Tut's tomb? 2. How did he die? |
- Howard Carter in 1942 - Thought to have died b/c of chariot accident since chest was caved in or was murdered b/c had hole in head (but all happened after he was wrapped up - Probably died b/c of sickness since had tons of genetic disorders from incest (Eg. club foot) |
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1. What is different from his tomb and other tombs? 2. What is weird about his funerary objects? |
- His tomb was never looted. Was broken into since 1st seal of golden shrines was broken and some stuff looks thrown back in quickly. - B/c died so early, some stuff doesn't look like it was made for him. Eg. some of his coffins have pierced ears and a throne has the Amarna style |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- 2nd golden shrine that was unbroken showing king interacting w/ Osiris - In tomb of King Tut - Showed Egyptian idea about layering for infinite protection: -4 golden shrines -1 quartzite shrine - A golden mask |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- The quartzite shrine around king sarcophagus - In tomb of King Tut - 4 protective goddesses at corners of shrine instead of at head/ feet |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Middle coffin of sarcophagus - In tomb of King Tut - Covered in a shroud and wrapped in floral wreathes w/ uraeus headdress and drenched in perfumes and oils (not well preserved) |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Inner, solid gold coffin - In tomb of King Tut - Ears are pierced so probably meant for woman |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Inner canopic chest - In King Tut's tomb - Had 4 mini-sarcophagi inside w/ king's face - Lungs - Stomach - Liver - Intestines |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Outer canopic shrine - In King Tut's tomb - Showed practice of keeping organs intact by mummifying them + had 4 protective goddesses standing around shrine |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Ba bird was the king's soul that could leave the tomb and contact the living world, then come - In King's Tut tomb - Evidence that some artifacts were made for Tut |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. What does it mean? |
- Scarab pendant spelling king's throne name - In King Tut's tomb - Scarab = sign of morning sun god Khepri + the pendant integrated the king w/ the cyclical course of the sun |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Sandal chest for king - In King Tut's tomb - Showed order vs. chaos theme w/ protector king on chariot fighting enemies |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Scene from a throne - In King Tut's tomb - Was of a different style (Amarna) so probably belonged to someone older - Low, belly cut garment - Aten god above |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- An incomplete tomb scene - In burial chamber of tomb of Horemheb - Showed drawing process - Had red-lined pre-drawings - Showed drawing progressed from bottom to top -Final stage was painting |
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1. What was the purpose of a state temple? 2. How was ma'at guaranteed? |
- Not to worship the gods, but to house and appease them + to guarantee ma'at - Ma'at guaranteed by daily cult practice & magical power of the building |
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1. What are the characteristics of the state temples |
- Access to temple was restricted (common people only saw cult statues @ festivals) - Rituals were secret (only king and priests knew) - Temples symbolized world @ beginning - hypostyle halls = marshy chaos - raised inner sanctuary = primeval mound from which world was created |
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1. What happened at the Opet Festival? 2. What was the purpose? 3. What axis did it use? |
- The divine triad (Amun, Mut, Khons their son) travelled from Karnak to Luxor and then back again - Renewed the king's divine powers: -King went to back of Luxor and merged with royal ka -King re-emerged as Amun's divine son - Travelled on North-South axis |
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1. What was the decade festival? 2. What was the purpose? 3. What axis did it use? |
- Every 10 years, Amun traveled from Karnak to Luxor to Medinet Habu (small temple in Western Thebes near Valley of Kings, dedicated toprimeval form of Amun) - To regenerate Amun + to keep world going - Used N-S and E-W axis |
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1. How many precincts did Karnak have and for who? 2. Why was Karnak important |
- 3 precincts - For Amun (main) - Mut (in south) - Montu (north) -Wealthy admin center of Theban region since was major cult center of major god |
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1. What side of the Nile was Karnak? 2. What was Karnak's axis (direction)? 3. What did the N-S axis lead to? |
- On East side - Karnak was on East-West axis - North-South axis led to Luxor |
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1. Who added these? 2. What are they? |
- Amenhotep I (started rejuvenation of Karnak) - Alabaster barque chapel in main courtyard - Also built huge gateway |
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1. What is this? 2. Who built it? 3. Where is it? 4. What were unusual about decorations on it? |
- A barque shrine used as a stop in the barque procession - Amenhotep I - In courtyard at Karnak - Amenhotep I was shown in realistic form, not idealized |
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1. Who added the red parts? 2. What did they add? |
- Thutmose I - He added 4 & 5 pylon - Added column hall b/w the two pylons - Put 2 obelisks in front of 4 pylon - Surrounded area with enclosure wall |
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1. Name the columns from left to right. |
- Papyrus "bud" - Papyrus bundle - Papyrus umbel - Bud bundle |
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1. Where is this? 2. Who built each of these? |
- At Luxor - Chapels at back = Amenhotep III - Sun court = Amenhotep III - Colonnade = Amenhotep III - Great courtyard = Ramesses II - Triple shrine = Hatshepsut |
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1. Who built it? 2. What was the importance of the 8? 3. Why was it important? |
- Amenhotep III - 8 columns = 8 primeval gods - This is where the deification of living king and his ka happened every year at Opet Festival |
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1. Where is this from? 2. Who is in the pic? 3. What is important? |
- Central shrine at Luxor - King and Amun holding hands - Shows intimate relationship b/w king and his dad |
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1. Who is this? 2. Where is this from? 3. What is happening? |
- King Tut - Luxor - Tut is burning incense and offering to Amun and Mut |
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1. Who is Satet? 2. Where was the Satet Temple located? 3. Who built it? 4. Why was it built? |
- Local head goddess of the south - In Elephantine (most south tip of Egypt) - Built by Hatshepsut - Hatshepsut wanted to appease people in south and to legitimize herself there and gain favour |
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1. Where was the Temple of Amenhotep III located? 2. What was the purpose? 3. Why is it important? |
- In Soleb, Nubia - To reinforce presence of king in this conquered territory - 1st time king build a separate temple to himself as a god + the living king was deified, not the dead one |
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1. Who is this a statue of? 2. Where was it located? 3. Why was it important? |
-Amenhotep III -At the temple at Nubia - 1st time a king is shown full animal like a god |
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1. Who is this a statue of? 2. Where is it from? 3. Who is the little statue? |
- Amun as a ram (his patron animal) - Amenhotep III's temple at Nubia - Little statue is Amenhotep III who is being protected by ram |
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1. What is this and where was it located? 2. Who built it? 3. What decorated it? |
- The red chapel built at Karnak - Hatshepsut - Had depictions of: - her obelisks -her coronation - the Opet Festival |
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1. What are these and where are they? 2. Who built them? 3. Why are some boarded up? |
- Obelisks at Karnak - Thutmose I built some in front of 4 pylon (that he built) and Hatshepsut built in front of 5 pylon - Hatshepsut's are boarded up with bricks and hidden b/c her successor (Thutmose III) tried to erase all traces of her |
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1. Who is this? 2. Where is this found? 3. What does it uniquely show? 4. What crown are they wearing? |
- Hatshepsut - On one of her obelisks in dad's hypostyle hall - Shows distinct profile of Hatshepsut: prominent nose - Blue crown |
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1. Who built this? 2. Where is this? |
- Hatshepsut - At Karnak |
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1. What and where is this? 2. Who built this? 3. Who are the statues of and how many were there? |
- The 8 pylon leading to Luxor at Karnak - Hatshepsut - 6 statues of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III (her son) and predecessors |
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1. What are these? 2. What was the purpose? 3. During which king's reign were these popular? |
- "Teacher statues" - They were meant to be protective (child in front protected by teacher) - Hatshepsut |
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1. Who built it? 2. What was the purpose of it? |
- Thutmose III - Called the place of "transfiguration" where divine and royal power combine |
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1. Who is this? 2. Where was it located? 2. What is the style (OK, MK, NK)? |
- Thutmose III - Sed festival hall at Karnak - OK style: - Classic standing pose w/ left foot forward - Traditional musculature & symmetrical proportions |
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1. Where is this located? 2. What is it? 3. What does it symbolize? |
- Sed festival hall - A botanical relief scene - Associated w/ keeping ma'at alive, w/ idea of regeneration |
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1. Where is this located? 2. Who is it of? 3. What kind of scene is this? |
- On the 7 pylon (that Thutmose III built) at Karnak - Of Thutmose III - A smiting scene, shows his power |
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1. What are these? 2. Where were they located? 3. What were their purpose? |
- Private scribe statues - At Horemheb's 10 pylon |
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1. What are these and who built them? 2. Where were they located? 3. What were they decorated with? |
- Emblematic columns by Thutmose III - Located in main temple at Karnak - On N-S sides, had papyrus and lotus - On E-W sides, had king in sunk relief embraces by divine triad |
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1. What did Akhenaten do? 2. What did his new name mean? |
- Created new monotheistic religion - Changed his name from Amenhotep IV to Akhenaten ("one who is effective for the Aten") - Moved the capital to Akhetaten (Amarna) |
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1. Who was the new god and what did he look like? 2. How did Akhenaten choose to portray him? 3. How was the god worshipped? |
- Aten, who looked like a sun disk with hands - He had the status of a king - Had to renew power at Sed Festival + had a cartouche name like king - Worshiped through royal family (physical manifestation of Aten) |
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1. What did Akhenaten's new religion ignore and focus on instead? |
- The journey to the underworld was ignored - Focus only on life-giving aspects of Aten |
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1. Who is this? 2. Where is this from? 3. What is the style? |
- Akhenaten - Aten temple at Karnak - Body = saggy belly, full hips - Face = long nose &face, full lips, pointy chin - Clothes = tight fitted skirts w/bellybutton showing (see-through for women) - Still had symbols of kingship |
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1. Who is depicted here? 2. Where was this located? 3. What stylistic features are here? |
- Aten and the royal family - At the North Palace at Amarna - Amarna style - Clingy, low cut garment - Exaggerated features - Size rules still followed - Aten above the family, not intimate - sunk relief even in interior |
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1. Where is this? 2. What characteristics of Aten temples are shown? |
- At Amarna - Unroofed, even holy places - Courtyards w/ tons of altars - E-W orientation |
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1. What is that? 2. What did it symbolize? |
- A ben-ben stone = a pillar like thing, a symbol of creation - Represents the primordial mound from which everything developed + associated sun gods as creators |
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1. What is this? 2. Who is depicted in it? 3. What was the purpose? 4. Why is the deity above them? |
- A window of appearances - Shows Akhenaten and queen - Was a pope window where king and queen came to greet their subjects - Aten was there to protect them and give the king and queen legitimacy |
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1. What is this? 2. Where is it located? 3. What is strange about it? |
- Altar stelae of Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and 3 oldest daughters - A household shrine in Amarna - Sitting position strange - Very life-like & approachable, not static - Has duality of normal people but powerful gods too |
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1. When was Amarna established? 2. What does it mean? 3. On what side of the Nile? |
- In year 5 of Akhenaten's reign - "The horizon of the Aten" - On the East bank of the Nile |
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1. Who is this? 2. Where was this located? 3. What is significant about it? |
- Queen Nefertiti (Akhenaten's wife) - In the Aten temple at Karnak (Akhenaten built a temple to Aten @ cult center of Amun) - Follows style of husband - Exaggerated features |
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1. On which side of Nile was Valley of the Kings? 2. Why did kings choose to be buried in the Valley? 3. How did they keep it secret? |
- On the West side - To keep their tombs from being robbed - Only the building manager of the tomb had a map of all the tombs to keep from accidentally running into a previous tomb |
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1. What is the Amduat? 2. What did it describe? |
- The book of the dead, originally called "Book of the Hidden Chambers" - Described the nightly journey of Amun on a boat on a reverse "Nile" with the king through the underworld so both could be reborn on the other side (Amun as morning sun & king as a deity) |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. What does it describe? |
- Hour 7 from the Amduat - In tomb of Thutmose III - Describes battle with greatest enemy Apophis (a giant snake that represented chaos) where Amun had to win to preserve peace and keep Apophis from destroying the world. Amun always won and cut up Apophis into pieces |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. What does it describe? |
- Hour 12 from the Amduat - In tomb of Amenhotep III - Shows regeneration of Ra: He is small b/c he is getting younger then he becomes a snake then he becomes a scarab beetle (a symbol of the morning sun). At lower level, mummy of king waits to be reborn as deity. |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- Painted relief scene of king interacting w/ deities - In tomb of Thutmose IV - Thutmose IV began pattern like alternating of deity and king that would continue in NK |
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1. What is this? 2. Where was it found? 3. Why is it important? |
- A red sarcophagus (red associated w/ sun) - In tomb of Thutmose I - Began tradition of Anubis and sons of Horus gods (protectors of inner organs) on the sides + Isis and Nepthys still at feet/head and still have wedjat eyes |
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1. What does this show? |
- Rock-cut tombs started having long, descending hallways and curved to resemble downward spiral into the underworld - Also, rock-cut tombs got more elaborate |
