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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list the 4 main causes of secondary HTN from class, by incidence:
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Chronic Renal Failure
Renal Artery Stenosis Aldosteronism Pheochromocytoma |
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how does chronic renal failure lead to HTN?
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impaired natriuresis leads to reduced Na excretion, thus BP rises
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describe the captopril test for potential renal artery stenosis:
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captopril, an ACE inhibitor, limits the amount of Angiotensin II. In renal artery stenosis, Angiotensin II is needed to maintain GFR on the stenotic side. Upon captopril administration, GFR will be lower in the stenotic kidney vs the normal kidney
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what sex is at higher risk for renal artery stenosis? what are two main causes?
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women > men
fibromuscular dysplasia or atheromatous diseases |
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what are Dx criteria for Hyperaldosteronism? causes?
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low Renin, high aldosterone levels. also low K+.
caused by: adrenal cortex tumor or hyperplasia. |
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what is one Dx test for Pheochromocytoma?
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clonidine. normally should suppress catecholamine secretion. in pheochromocytoma, [catecholamine] will not change
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which pts with HTN should be screened for secondary causes?
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young, no family Hx, severe HTN
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HTN and retinal exam - what are the stages of progression?
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1. narrowed central retinal artery
2. A-V nicking 3. exudates and bleeding 4. many hemorrhages, fundus is indistict, papilledema (optic disc swelling) - malignant HTN |
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what are the JNC7 categories of HTN
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below 120/80 - normal
below 140/90 - pre HTN below 160/100 - stage 1 HTN above 160/100 - stage 2 HTN |
