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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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computer
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device to transform data
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bit
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binary digit representing smallest unit of data
have one of two states: 0 or 1 |
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byte
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string of bits to store one number or character
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central processing unit
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area of computer system that manipulates numbers, symbols, letters
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primary storage
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temp storage for program instructions and data
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arithmetic-logic unit
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performs principle logic and arithmetic operations
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control unit
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controls and coordinates parts of computer
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machine cycle
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series of operations to process a machine instruction
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random access memory (ram)
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primary storage of data that can access any location in same amount of time
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read-only memory (rom)
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memory chips with program instructions
only read, cannot be written to |
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microprocessor
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large scale circuit technology that integrates computer's memory, logic, and control on a chip
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megahertz
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measure of speed or pacing events
1 megahertz=1million cycles per second |
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reducted instruction set computing
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technology to enhance speed of microprocessors
embed most frequent instructions only |
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parallel processing
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more than one instruction can be processed at a time
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massively parallel computers
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computer that use 100/1000s processing chips to attack large problem(s)
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secondary storage
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long term, nonvolatile storage of data
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magnetic disk
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second storage medium
data stored on magnetic spots on hard or floppy disk |
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hard disk
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mangetic disk used in large computer systems
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floppy disk
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removable magnetic disk storage
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redundant array of inexpensive disks (raid)
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disk storage
pack 100 smaller disk drives in large unit |
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compact disk read-only memory
(cd-rom) |
read-only optical disk storage for images, references, and other applications
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cd-rw
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optical disk storage that can be rewritten many times
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dvd (digital video disk)
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high-capacity optical storage medium
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magnetic tape
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cheap, secondary storage
large volumes of information stored by magnetized and nonmagnetized spots on tape |
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network-attached storage
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high speed raid storage devices so networks in devices can access through server
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storage area network
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network for storage that connects storage devices (tape libraries, disk arrays)
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radio-freqency identification (rfid)
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devices with tiny tags with microchips of information on item and its location
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batch processing
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collect and process data and store until needed
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online processing
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collect and process data transactions immediately
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mainframe
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largest category of computer
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midrange computer
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middle-size computer
good for smaller organizations |
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minicomputer
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middle-range computer
universities, factories, research labs |
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server
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provide software and resources over network
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server farm
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group of servers available to subscribers
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personal computer
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small desktop computer
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workstation
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desktop with powerful graphics and math capabilites
can perform many actions at once |
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supercomputer
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perform complex computations and rapidly
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distributed processing
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distribute processing work to multiple computers
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centralized processing
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processing by one large central computer
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client/server computing
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splits processing between "clients" and "servers"
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client
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user point-of-entry
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downsizing
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transfer applications from large computer to small computer
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network computer
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desktop that doesnt store software or data locally
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peer-to-peer computing
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processing that links computer via internet/private networks
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grid computing
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many computers used for large complex problem
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program
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series of instructions
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system software
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progams to manage computer resources
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application software
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programs written to perform functions
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operating system
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system software to control computer activities
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source code
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instructions that must be translated into machine language
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compiler
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software that translate into machine language
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graphical user interface
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graphic icons and mouse to issue commands
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open-source software
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modify program code to fix errors
-linux |
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machine language
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programming language
0 and 1 binary code |
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cobol
common business oriented langugae |
programming langugae for applications
process large data files |
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c
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powerful programming laugage
tight control and effecient use of resources |
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visual basic
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programming tool for creating applications on windows
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fourth-generation language
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programming for less-skilled people
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natural language
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programming language similar to human language
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query language
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software that provides instant online answers to requests
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object-oriented programming
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software development that combine data and procedures in one object
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java
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programming language
run on any computer regardless of operating system uses "applets" little programs |
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hypertext markup language (html)
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page description langugage for web pages
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xml (extensible markup language)
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general-purpose language describe structure of document and supports links to other docs
web and non-web applications |
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xhtml
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html + xml
more flexibility than html |
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software package
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set of programs that eliminates need to write specific software program
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middleware
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software connect 2 applications to allow them to communicate and exchage data
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enterprise application integration software
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software that ties multiple applications to support enterprise integration
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capacity planning
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predict when computer hardware system will be saturated
make sure has enough power for current and future needs |
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stability
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computer expand to serve many users without breaking down
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storage service provider
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third-party provider that rents web space
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application service provider
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company rent software applications
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utility computing
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companies pay for resrouces used during time period
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major components of a contemporary computer system
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central processor
primary storage secondary storage input devices output devices communication devices |
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major components of cpu
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control unit: coordinate/control parts
arithmetic-logic unit: logical and arithmetic operations |
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serial processing
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process one instruction at time
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parallel processing
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process many instructions at time
problems broken into smaller parts use few expensive, specialized chips |
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massively parallel processing
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huge networks work on problem
use many inexpensive chips |
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major types of software
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system software: operating system, computer programs to control cpu
application software: programs for specific tasks or functions required by end users |
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operating system
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manages general computing environment and activities
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multiprogramming
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allow multiple programs to share resources at same time
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xml
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extension of html
live and more structured language content |
