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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is agnosia? |
inability to recognize familiar objects with one form of sensation (e.g. visual agnosia)
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what is the term for the following deficit demonstrated by the patient: a patient does not recognize his baseball hat that he has had for 20 years following a CVA |
agnosia (visual agnosia)
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What is akinesia? |
inability to initiate movement |
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A person with PD is having difficulty standing up from the chair and requires increased time to successfully complete the transfer. This deficit is called _____ |
akinesia |
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What is aphasia? |
disturbance to language that results in errors in word choice, comprehension, or syntax 1. Expressive (Broca's) 2. Global 3. Receptive (Wernicke's) |
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What is expressive aphasia? |
aka Broca's severe difficulty in verbal expression with impairment in object naming and writing abilities -mostly in R hemiplegia
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What is Global aphasia? |
-most common and severe form -characterized by reduced speech and comprehension -reading and writing are impaired |
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What is receptive or Wernicke's aphasia? |
severe disturbance in auditory comprehension -reading, writing, and word recognition are also impaired
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What is apraxia? |
inability to perform movements previously learned even though there is no loss of strength, coordination, sensation, or comprehension 1. ideational apraxia 2. ideomotor apraxia |
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What is ideational apraxia? |
person no longer get the "idea" of how to do routine task; e.g. washing hands or brushing teet |
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What is ideomotor apraxia? |
person cannot do a task on command but can do it spontaneously |
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What is astereognosis? |
inability to recognize objects by touch alone |
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what is asynergia? |
inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner |
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what is ataxia? |
UNCOORDINATED MOVEMENT esp. gait |
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what is athetosis? |
slow, involuntary, worm-like, twisting motions -usually seen in forms of CP |
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what is causalgia? |
burning sensations which are painful. Often associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I |
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what is Cheyne-Stokes Respiration? |
-common and bizarre breathing pattern -period of apnea lasting 10-60 sec followed by gradually increasing, then decreasing depth and frequency of respirations -accompanies depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfunction -postulated to result from abnormality in neurological respiration center -can occur in severe cases of TBI or CHF |
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What is Chorea |
rapid, involuntary, jerky movements, most often in distal UE -seen in Huntington's chorea |
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clonus |
a rhythmic oscillation of a mm in response to sustained stretch in pts with UMN disorders |
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What is decerebrate rigidity? |
contraction of the extensor muscles of the upper and lower extremities bc of an injury at the level of the brain stem |
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What is Decorticate rigidity? |
UE flexion LE extension |
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What is delirium? |
temporary confusion and loss of mental function -due to illness, drug toxicity, or lack of oxygen -often reversible |
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What is dementia? |
loss of memory or intellectual functioning 1. may be reversible if caused by toxins, drugs, metabolic or psychiatric disorder 2. often slowly progressive and nonreversible if result of alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, infarction, PD, etc |
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what is glove and stocking anesthesia? |
can occur in generalized peripheral neuropathies in which the distal portions of the nerves degenerate resulting in anesthesia of the distal extremities in a pattern as if wearing gloves and stockings -occasionally seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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What is herpes zoster? |
shingles -painful inflammation of posterior root ganglion caused by a virus, -causes vesicles (fluid filled sacs) along the course of the nerve (e.g. dermatome) |
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What is Horner's syndrome? |
ptosis of the eyelid, constriction of pupil and lack of sweating of ipsilat face accompanying stroke involving anterior inferior or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA and PICA) |
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What is Morton's Neuroma? |
-excessive pronation during stance produces compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals -leads to nerve enlargement and forming neuorma on the interdigital nn resulting in metatarsalgia |
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What is nerve conduction velocity test used for? |
determine the speed of propagation of an AP along a nn or muscle fiber 1. if the nn is compressed or damaged, the velocity of the AP will be slowed and the latency (time for the potential to travel between 2 points) will incr 2. test used to determine severity of nn compression |
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What is Nystagmus? |
rapid (usu back and forth) movement of the eyeballs (named for the direction of the quick phase) |
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What is reciprocal inhibition |
inhibition of muscles antagonistic to those being facilitated. |
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what is Somatagnosia? |
lack of awareness of the relationship of one's own body parts or the body parts of others |
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What is vegetative state? |
deep coma with abnormal posturing. -may not have rehabilitation potential if this state persists
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what is visual acuity? and what are compensatory strategies for declines in visual acuity? |
sharpness of vision that generally decreases with age or certain disabilities such as diabetes 1. may need reading glasses to see close objects 2. decr ability to adapt to very dark or light environments= need more lighting 3. use color contrasts on walls, floors, and stairs to incr safety during amb
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What is homonymous hemianopsia? |
deficit of either the R o L halves of the visual field, caused by damage to contralat optic tract |
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What is bitemporal hemianopsia? |
a deficit of the temporal or peripheral visual fields caused by injury at the optic chiasm (aka tunnel vision) |
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What is monocular blindness? |
blindness in one eye due to damage to optic nn |
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What is asthenia? |
generalized mm weakness associated with cerebellar lesions |
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what is hemiballismus?
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: sudden, jerky, forceful, wild, flailing motions of arm and leg of one side of body -due to lesion of contral subthalmic nucleus -difficult to differentiate from chorea
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what is dystonia? |
twisting, sometimes bizarre movements caused by involuntary, sustained contractions of axial and proximal mms (think of the video with guy having seizure) http://neurology.stanford.edu/epilepsy/patientcare/videos/e_16.html |
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What are associated reactions? |
involuntary and automatic movement of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement of another body part |
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What is Raimiste's Phenomenon? |
involved LE will ABD/ADD with applied resistance to uninvolved LE in same direction -indicates CNS lesion |
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What is souque's phenomena? |
raising involved UE above 100 deg with elbow ext will produce ext and ABD of fingers -indicates CNS lesion |
