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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hyperglycemia
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abnormally high levels of blood glucose
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Hypoglycemia
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abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood.
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Polyuria
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Frequent and excessive urination
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Polydipsia
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excessive intake of water
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Polyphagia
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excessive eating
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Ketone Bodies
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Substances, including acetone, that are produced as by products of the incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. When insulin is not available, they accumulate in the blood and cause metabolic acidosis.
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Glycogenolysis
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the breakdown of gycogen into glucose.
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Gluconeogenesis
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the conversion of proteins and amino acids to glucose in the body.
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Lipolysis
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the decomposition or splitting up of fat to provide fuel for energy when liver glucose is unavailable.
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Ketogenesis
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the conversion of fats to acids in the body.
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What are the features of Metabolic syndrome? (4)
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abdominal obesity (men +40inches, women +35 inches)
Hyperglycemia-elevated FBS of >100mg/dL Hypertension-systolic BP >130 diastolic >85 Dyslipidemia- triglyceride level >150mg/dL , HDL <40mg/dL |
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Sulfonylureas
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This drug stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. It lowers fasting plasma glucose levels.
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Meglitinides
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They have actions like sulfonylureas. They were designed to increase meal related insulin secretion.They are short acting.
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Biguanides
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this does not increase insulin secretion. It decreases liver glucose production, thereby reducing FPG release. It improves insulin receptor sensitivity.
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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it blocks the enzymes that digest starches in the small intestine.
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Thiazolidinediones
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it decreases insulin resistance by making muscle and fat cells more sensitve to insulin. They also suppress hepatic glucose production.
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Humalog
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Rapid acting insulin
Onset-0.25 hr Peak- 0.5-1.5 hr Duration-5 hr |
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Novolin R
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Short acting insulin
Onset-0.5 hr Peak-2.5-5 hr Duration- 8 hr |
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Humulin N
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Intermediate acting insulin
onset- 1.5 hr peak- 4-12 Duration- 16-24 hr |
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Humulin R
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Short acting insulin
Onset- 0.5 hr Peak- 2-4 hr Duration- 5-7 hr |
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Lantus
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Long Acting insulin
Onset- 2-4 hr Peak- None Duration- 24 hr |
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Novolog Mix 70/30
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Intermediate acting insulin
Onset 0.25 hr Peak- 1-4 hr Duration- 24 hr |
