16.1

Front 1

who developed the gram stain procedures used to determine the morphology of bacteria?

Back 1

hans christian gram

Front 2

which is harder to kill gram negative or positive bacteria?

Back 2

gram negative

Front 3

what type of microbes are bacteria that are susceptible to penicillin antibiotics?

Back 3

gram positive

Front 4

what are nosocomial infections?

Back 4

infections that are acquired within a hospital or nursing home

Front 5

what do fungal infections require to thrive?

Back 5

cloth,food,people,showers, and warm moist enviroment

Front 6

identify the strongest anitbiotics used today

Back 6

aminoglycosides

Front 7

what are protozoans?

Back 7

human parasites

Front 8

how do viruses reproduce?

Back 8

host DNA

Front 9

why is it necessary for inflammation to occur?

Back 9

so the body can heal itself

Front 10

acute inflammation can cause damage to what organs?

Back 10

kidneys

Front 11

what action does salicin produce?

Back 11

decrease inflammation,pain,temperature

Front 12

what is it that NSAID's are used to treat?

Back 12

inflammation,pain,fever

Front 13

where is COX-1 found?

Back 13

in most tissue

Front 14

where are alpha-receptors located?

Back 14

in the smooth muscle of the lungs

Front 15

identify the forms cromolyn sodium comes in.

Back 15

inhalation solution, aerosol spray, nasal solution, capsules for inhalation

Front 16

identify the main difference between first gen and second gen antihistamines

Back 16

first gen-causes more drowsiness
second gen-can have an effect on first gen histamine receptors

Front 17

what was the first antibiotic discovered?

Back 17

sulfa

Front 18

who discovered penicillin?

Back 18

alexander fleming

Front 19

the drug combination of tetracycline, septra and metronidazole is used to treat what bacteria?

Back 19

H. pylori

Front 20

what is the most common eye infection?

Back 20

conjuctivitis

Front 21

which disease is treated with dapsone and clofazimine?

Back 21

leprosy

Front 22

identify the antituberculin agents

Back 22

myambutol, rifadin, INH, isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin

Front 23

identify the common fungus which is part of the humans body's normal flora

Back 23

candida

Front 24

identify the steps involved in the spread of viruses

Back 24

attachment, injection of nucleic acids, synthesis, assembly, spread via lyse or budding

Front 25

the enzyme cyclooxygenase produces what hormone?

Back 25

prostaglandins

Front 26

identify the uses for aspirin

Back 26

decrease pain inflammation fever

Front 27

identify the properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Back 27

analgesic antiinflammatory antipyretic

Front 28

which medication should now be discontinued without tapering?

Back 28

predisone

Front 29

what is the condition in which the airways become completely blocked and may lead to death?

Back 29

anaphylaxis

Front 30

what effect do beta-adrenergics have on the bronchial airways?

Back 30

dilate the bronchial airways

Front 31

identify the substances that cause the smooth muscle of the bronchi to contract causing labored breathing?

Back 31

leukotrienes

Front 32

identify the agents that are considered an antiasthmatic and antiallergic agent.

Back 32

cromolyn sodium

Front 33

identify the main side effect experienced when taking antihistamines

Back 33

drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, sedation, and increase in intraocular pressure

Front 34

define bacteriocidal

Back 34

agents that kills bacteria

Front 35

define antibiotic

Back 35

chemical agent produce by organisms and used to treat infections

Front 36

define antimicrobial

Back 36

chemical agent produced by scientists to prevent growth of or kill microogranisms

Front 37

define bacteriostatic

Back 37

agent that prevents the growth of bacteria ut does not kill the microbe

Front 38

define gram negative

Back 38

bacteria that are unable to keep crystal violet stain when washed in acid alcohol

Front 39

define gram positive

Back 39

bacteria that are able to keep crystal violet stain when washed in acid alcohol

Front 40

what are the meds used to treat roundworms?

Back 40

diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin

Front 41

what are the meds used to treat tapeworms?

Back 41

praziquantel and niclosamide

Front 42

define macrophages

Back 42

ingest dead tissue, bacterial cells, or dying cells

Front 43

define lymphocytes

Back 43

adhere to endothelial cells, intensify inflammation by causing direct cell injury

Front 44

define antibodies

Back 44

can neutralize or dextroy antigens in different ways such as by coating or lysing the antigen

Front 45

define fibrinogen

Back 45

helps in coagulating blood

Front 46

define neutrophils

Back 46

adhere to damaged site to protect against infention by destroying infectious microbies; also destroy antigens

Front 47

define monocytes

Back 47

large type of leukocyte

eventually become macrophages

Front 48

define granulocytes

Back 48

fight off infection

Front 49

define leukocytes

Back 49

fight off infection and tissue damage,clean damaged cells by phagocytosis

Front 50

what is the action or indication for an analgesic drug?

Back 50

block or reduce the perception of pain

Front 51

what is the action or indication for ibuprofen?

Back 51

pain reliever

Front 52

what is the action or indication for bronchodilators?

Back 52

decongests the bronchiole tubes

Front 53

what is the action or indication for calcium channel blocker?

Back 53

inhibit tho flow of calcium ions to the blood vessels of the heart

Front 54

what is the action or indication for expectorants?

Back 54

decrease the thickness of phlegm from the lungs which aids in the expulsion

Front 55

what is the action or indication for a mydriatic?

Back 55

dilation of pupils

Front 56

what is it that antihyperlipidemic drugs do?

Back 56

lower cholesterol and triglycerides

Front 57

identify the antihypertensive drugs

Back 57

lopressor and tenormin

Front 58

identify the drugs classified as anticonvulsants

Back 58

dilantion and tegretol

Front 59

why are cephalosporins divided into generations?

Back 59

first gen- most active against gram positve aerobes
second gen- improved activivty over first gen
third gen- active against serious gram negative infection