16 - Blood And Tissue Protozoa

Front 1

Malaria causes how many deaths per year?

Back 1

> 1 M

Front 2

Neurological signs with Malaria occur with this species

Back 2

Plasmodium Falciparum

Front 3

Malaria vector

Back 3

FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO

Front 4

Places with endemic Malaria

Back 4

Africa
S. America
Mexico
S. Europe

Front 5

Malaria Exoerythrocyte form occurs in the _______

Back 5

liver

Front 6

Malaria:

Transmitted by __1__ mosquito -> mosquito bite releases __2__ into bloodstream -> carried to the liver and infects hepatocytes -> in hepatocytes, sporozoite divides into __3__ --> infect __4__ --> In RBC's Merozoites develop into __5__ -> divide into many __6__ --> burst RBC's

Back 6

1. Anopheles
2. Sporozoite
3. Merozoite
4. RBC's
5. Trophozoite
6. Merozoites

Front 7

Gametocyte of Falciparum malaria has this shape

Back 7

Banana

Front 8

Type of ring that indicates Falciparum

Back 8

double-ring

Front 9

Explain the pathology of Falciparum in the Brain

Back 9

Falciparum causes "knobs" in infected RBC's and cause them to stick to eachother and capillaries --> vessel occlusion and hemorrhage

Front 10

This indicates Plasmodium infected erythrocytes

Back 10

Brown pigment (Falciparum metabolizes hemoglobin to form pigment)

Front 11

Malaria symptoms

Back 11

cyclical fever and chills
Anemia
Hepatosplenomegaly

Front 12

Toxoplasmosis:
-seroprevalence in adult pop: 1
-most infections are __2__
-__3__ is the rule

Back 12

1. 30-50%
2. asymptomatic = "good" parasite
3. premunition = once infected, always infected

Front 13

Definitive host for Toxoplasmosis

Back 13

Cats: shed millions of Oocysts in their feces after primary infection
-only animals capable of producing OOCYSTS

Front 14

Toxoplasma __1__, present in tissue __2__, are capable of recredescence in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS

Back 14

1. Bradyzoites
2. cysts

Front 15

Toxoplasmosis tissue cysts are found in all tissues, but _____ relapse is the most common and most serious

Back 15

CNS

Front 16

Mainstay of treatment for Toxoplasma in IC'ed population

Back 16

Sulfonamide + Pyrimethamine

Front 17

IC'ed patients with these symptoms should receive a CT

Back 17

headache
Neurological signs

Front 18

When does Serology of Toxoplasmosis work well

Back 18

only in Immunocompetent

Front 19

Tissue cysts contain slowy replicating _________

Back 19

bradyzoites

Front 20

Is there an immune response to toxoplasmosis cysts

Back 20

little, if any

Front 21

Rupture of Toxoplasmic cysts in IC'ed patients results in continuously replicating _______

Back 21

Tachyzoites

Front 22

Tachyzoites infect these cells

Back 22

any cell and rapidly reproduce and cause cell lysis

Front 23

Toxoplasmosis is part of this Syndrome

Back 23

TORCH

Front 24

Congenital Toxoplasmosis infection is possible only during ______ infection of the mother

Back 24

Acute

Front 25

Symptoms of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Back 25

Mental Retardation

Chorioretinitis -> blindness

*usually occur later after birth

Front 26

Risk of Toxoplasma transmission is greatest during this trimester

Back 26

3rd trimester, but disease is milder

Front 27

Infection with Toxoplasma during the 1st trimester often results in....

Back 27

spontaneous abortion

Front 28

Free living Amebae that can cause corneal ulcers and ophthalmitis in contact lens wearers or in contaminated hot tubs

Back 28

Acanthamoeba

Front 29

Free living Amebae found in farm ponds and causes frontal meningoencephalitis

Back 29

Naegleria fowleri

Front 30

Access to the CNS of Naegleria Fowleri causing Encephalitis always occurs via the _______

Back 30

Cribriform plate

Front 31

Histologic characteristics of Naegleria fowleri

Back 31

Large size and pale nuclei

Front 32

Leishmania vector

Back 32

Phlebotomus Sand Fly

Front 33

Species causing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Back 33

L. Mexicana
L. Braziliensis

Front 34

Species causing Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (nasal-oral)

Back 34

L. braziliensis

Front 35

Species causing Visceral Leishmaniasis

Back 35

L. donovani

Front 36

Leishmania reservoirs

Back 36

humans
dogs
rodents

Front 37

Leishmania replicate in _______

Back 37

macrophages

Front 38

Explain the Promastigote form of Leishmania

Back 38

flagellated form outside of Macrophages

Front 39

Explain the Amistigote form of Leishmania

Back 39

nonflagellated form within Macrophages

Front 40

Agent of Chagas' disease

Back 40

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Front 41

Age range for Chagas' disease

Back 41

20-40 yoa

Front 42

Pathology of Chagas' disease

Back 42

Cardiomegaly
-arrhythmias

Megaesophagus
Megacolon

Front 43

Vector for Chagas' disease

Back 43

Triatoma Reduviid bud

Front 44

Primary Lesion of Chagas' disease

Back 44

Swelling around the eye (orbital edema) = Romana's sign

Front 45

This is pathognomonic of Chaga's Myocarditis

Back 45

apical thinning

Front 46

Agent of African Trypanosomiasis

Back 46

Trypanosoma brucei

Front 47

Vector of T. brucei

Back 47

Tsetse fly

Front 48

Unique feature of Trypanosoma brucei

Back 48

can have antigenic variation of surface coat to escape host antibodies

Front 49

Where does T. brucei replicate

Back 49

bloodstream

Front 50

Synonym for African Trypanosomiasis

Back 50

African sleeping sickness

Front 51

3 clinical stages of African sleeping sickness

Back 51

1. Chancre = scar at bite site

2. Hemolymphatic

3. Meningoencephalitis

Front 52

What do Trypanosomes look like within bloodstream?

Back 52

Seahorses

Front 53

T. brucei causes somnolence via cerebral lesion resulting from ________ caused by microbe invading ________

Back 53

Vasculitis

Endothelial cells of cerebral small vessels

Front 54

Plasma cells in a brain histology of African Trypanosomiasis often exhibit ________

Back 54

Russel bodies = collections of protein (Ab) in the cytoplasm

Front 55

Sign during Hemolymphatic stage of African Trypanosomiasis

Back 55

Winterbottom's sign = lymphadenopathy along the back of the neck

Front 56

Exo-erythrocyte form of Malaria (plasmodium) in a HEPATOCYTE --> jaundice

Back 56

What is this showing?

Front 57

Plasmodium Falciparum
-can cause neurological signs in Malaria

Back 57

What protozoa is this guy?

Front 58

Plasmodium falciparum = cause "knobs" in RBC's causing them to clump in vessels

Cerebral Malaria

Back 58

What Protozoa?
What site?
What is happening?

Front 59

Plasmodium Falciparum = brown dots due to hemoglobin metabolization

Back 59

Protozoa in this pic?

Front 60

Toxoplasma gondii

Cats

Back 60

Protozoa?
How transmitted?

Front 61

Toxoplasma gondii

Back 61

Protozoa?

Front 62

Toxoplasma cysts containing Bradyzoites

If ruptures = Tachyzoites
usually only ruptures in IC'ed

Back 62

What is this?

Front 63

Toxoplasma gondii
Tachyzoites that have ruptured from a cyst

Back 63

Protozoa?
What are these called?

Front 64

Toxoplasma gondii
Congenital infection
-3rd trimester

Back 64

Protozoa that caused this?

Front 65

Toxoplasma gondii

Back 65

Protozoa that causes Congenital Chorioretinitis and Mental Retardation?

Front 66

Acanthamoeba = free-living

Back 66

Protozoa that affects contact wearers causing corneal ulcers?

Front 67

Naegleri fowleri

from Farm ponds

Back 67

Protozoa that causes Frontal Meningoencephalitis?

Where is it found?

Front 68

Naegleria fowleri

Free-living amebae are Large and have Pale nuclei

Back 68

Protozoa?
How can you tell?

Front 69

Leishmania

Back 69

Protozoa?

Front 70

Leishmania

Back 70

Protozoa?

Front 71

Trypanosoma Cruzi = Chagas

Romana sign = swelling of one eye

Back 71

Protozoa?
What is the boy positive for?

Front 72

Trypanosoma cruzi = Chagas
-Cardiomegaly
-Mega-esophagus
-Megacolon

Back 72

Parasite responsible for these pathologies?

Front 73

Trypanosoma Cruzi = chagas
-monocyte response
-chronic myocarditis

Back 73

Parasite?

Front 74

Trypanosoma brucei = African sleeping sickness
3 stages
-Chancre
-Hemolymphatic
-Meningoencephalitic

Back 74

Protozoa?