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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification of Reo- and Birna- viridae
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dsRNA
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Special feature of Reoviridae
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Segmented RNA (10 - 12 segments)
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Special feature of Birnaviridae
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Segmented RNA (2 segments)
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How many segments does the genus Orbivirus have?
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10
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How many segments does the genus rotavirus have?
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11
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4 hosts of Bluetongue virus
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- Sheep **
- Ox - Goat - Deer |
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Three viruses in Orbivirus genus
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- African Horse Sickness Virus
- Bluetongue Virus - Epizootic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
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Viruses found in genus Rotavirus
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Rotavirus A - G
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Symmetry and morphology of Reoviridae
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Icosahedral
Spherical with double shelled capid - Rotavirus is shaped as a wheel with spokes |
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Envelope status of Reoviridae
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Non-enveloped
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What digests the outer capsid of Reovirus?
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Trypsin in GIT
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What does digestion of outer capsid of Reovirus do?
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Increases infectivity
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How is the core particle of Reovirus formed?
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Endosomes degrade infectious subviral particle
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What is the significance of the core particle of Reovirus?
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Starts transcription
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What is a viral cause of acute respiratory disease of horses in Africa?
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African Horse Sickness Virus
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Mortality of African Horse Sickness Virus
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<= 100%
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Reservoir of African Horse Sickness Virus (3)
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- Elephants
- Zebras - Dogs |
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Transmission of African Horse Sickness Virus
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Culicoides
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Where is the primary replication of African Horse Sickness Virus? (3)
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- Lymph nodes
- Lung - Spleen |
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What does viremia of African Horse Sickness Virus cause?
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Viral replication in vascular endothelium
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4 clinical symptoms of African Horse Sickness Virus
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- Hydrothorax
- Hydropericardium - Myocardial hemorrhage and necrosis - Edema (pulmonary, intermuscular, supraorbital) |
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What does African Horse Sickness Virus cause in protracted cases?
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Myocardial hemorrhage and necrosis
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Primary species affected by Bluetongue Virus
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Sheep
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What transmits Bluetongue Virus?
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Culicoides
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Reservoir of Bluetongue Virus
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Cattle
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Primary replication site of Bluetongue Virus (2)
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- Local LN
- Spleen |
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Pathogenesis of Bluetongue Virus (4 stages)
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- Primary replication in LN/spleen
- Viremia - Viral replication in vascular endothelial cells - Thrombosis / infarction |
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5 symptoms of Bluetongue Virus
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- Cyanosis of tongue
- Breaks in fleece - Ulcerations of oral mucosa - Hyperemia of skin of coronary band / interdigital area - Sloughed hooves / lameness |
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What does Bluetongue Virus cause in severe cases?
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Necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle
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Two congenital abnormalities caused by Bluetongue Virus
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- Cereberal malformation
- Hydranencephaly |
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What is thought to be the cause of reproductive problems associated with Bluetongue Virus?
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MLV vaccination
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What is the cause of culicoides migrating north and spreading Bluetongue Virus?
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Global warming
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Two species affected by Epizootic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
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- WTD
- Mule deer |
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Pathogenesis of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
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Viremia --> Viral replication in vascular endothelial cells --> thrombosis / infarction
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Primary replication sites of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (2)
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- Local LN
- Spleen |
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5 symptoms of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
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- Peracute death
- Damage to coronary band - Edema of head, neck, tongue - Ulceration of tongue and dental pad - Widespread hemorrhage |
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Primary age group Rotavirus affects
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1 - 8 weeks old
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Primary symptom of Rotavirus
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Subclinical to severe diarrhea
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What group of Rotavirus is most common?
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A
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What Rotavirus group affects cattle?
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A
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What Rotavirus group affects pigs? (3)
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B, C, E
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What Rotavirus group affects birds?
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D
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How is Rotavirus transmitted?
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Fecal-oral route
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Rotavirus in stable in environment
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Rotavirus in stable in environment
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Where does Rotavirus attach?
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Tip of enterocytes
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Pathogenesis of Rotavirus (6)
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- Attach to tip of enterocyte
- Internalize inner capsid - Replication - Loss of microvilli - Epithelial replacement with immature enterocytes - Reduced absorptive capacity |
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Two things that cause osmotic diarrhea in Rotavirus infections
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- Reduced absorptive capacity
- Loss of lactase |
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4 symptoms of Rotavirus
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- Acute onset of water, malodorous diarrhea
- Anorexia - Dehydration - Co-infections with other micro-organisms |
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What does Rotavirus cause in dogs and cats?
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Widespread but mild to subclinical disease
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Dx of Rotavirus
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E.M. of feces
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Two ways to prevent Rotavirus
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- Vaccination of pregnant animals
- Insuring adequate colostrum intake |
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Morphology and symmetry of Birnaviridae
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- Single shelled capsid
- Icosahedral (hexagonal) |
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Envelope status of Birnaviridae
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Non-enveloped
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Segmentation of Birnaviridae
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2 segments of dsRNA (A, B)
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What is the primary target of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus?
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Cloacal bursa
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4 pathologic symptoms of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
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- Increased size and weight followed by atrophy
- Lymphoid degeneration and necrosis - Cystic cavities - Edema |
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What age range does Infectious Bursal Disease Virus cause subclinical infections in?
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< 3 weeks
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What age range does Infectious Bursal Disease Virus cause clinical IBD in?
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3 - 6 weeks
- Maximal bursal development |
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Two things a subclinical infection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus causes
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- Long-lasting immunosuppression
- Increase in secondary infections |
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5 symptoms of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
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- Muscle hemorrhage
- Poor weight gain - High mortality - Temporary immunosuppression - Diarrhea |
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Where are very virulent strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus located? (2)
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- Europe
- South America |
