15

Front 1

Antianxiety drugs

Back 1

Medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness.

Front 2

Antidepressant drugs

Back 2

Medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression.

Front 3

Antipsychotic drugs

Back 3

Medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions.

Front 4

Aversion therapy

Back 4

A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

Front 5

Behavior modification

Back 5

A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning.

Front 6

Behavior therapies

Back 6

Application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors.

Front 7

Behaviorism

Back 7

A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.

Front 8

Biomedical therapies

Back 8

Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders.

Front 9

Client-centered therapy

Back 9

An insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.

Front 10

Clinical psychologists

Back 10

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems.

Front 11

Cognitive therapy

Back 11

An insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

Front 12

Conditioned response (CR)

Back 12

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning.

Front 13

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 13

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response.

Front 14

Conflict

Back 14

A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

Front 15

Counseling psychologists

Back 15

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Front 16

Defense mechanisms

Back 16

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt.

Front 17

Deinstitutionalization

Back 17

Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.

Front 18

Dream analysis

Back 18

A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams.

Front 19

Eclecticism

Back 19

In psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system.

Front 20

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 20

A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions.

Front 21

Free association

Back 21

A psychoanalytic technique in which clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible.

Front 22

Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 22

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

Front 23

Group therapy

Back 23

The simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group.

Front 24

Incongruence

Back 24

The degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience.

Front 25

Insight therapies

Back 25

Psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior.

Front 26

Interpretation

Back 26

In psychoanalysis, the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors.

Front 27

Lithium

Back 27

A chemical used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders.

Front 28

Major depressive disorder

Back 28

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

Front 29

Mental hospital

Back 29

A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders.

Front 30

Placebo effects

Back 30

The fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.

Front 31

Psychiatrists

Back 31

Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Front 32

Psychoanalysis

Back 32

An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference.

Front 33

Psychopharmacotherapy

Back 33

The treatment of mental disorders with medication.

Front 34

Rational-emotive therapy

Back 34

An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients' patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior.

Front 35

Regression toward the mean

Back 35

Effect that occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new score falls closer to the mean (average).

Front 36

Reuptake

Back 36

A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane.

Front 37

Self-concept

Back 37

A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior.

Front 38

Shaping

Back 38

The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response.

Front 39

Social psychology

Back 39

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.

Front 40

Social skills training

Back 40

A behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal.

Front 41

Spontaneous remission

Back 41

Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment.

Front 42

Systematic desensitization

Back 42

A behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

Front 43

Tardive dyskinesia

Back 43

A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements.

Front 44

Transference

Back 44

In therapy, the phenomenon that occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives.

Front 45

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 45

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.

Front 46

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 46

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.