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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM A primary function of the Circulatory =cardiovascular system is TRANSPORTATION OF: 1.respiratory gases-02,CO2 2.nutrients 3.metabolic waste products 4.hormones
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5.cells that fight infection & antibodies (immune defense) 6.heat-conservation body temp. Human heart functions at 4 weeks.
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM *single celled organisms -NO circulatory system, nutrients & 02 are received, waste products are released directly across the cell surface by diffusion, osmosis, or active transport. |
*multicelled organisms -NO CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (sponges , cnidarians, flat worms, jellyfish) -jellyfish have a problem maintaining nutrients through a thick gel-like layer. -possess a number of wandering Amoeboid cells that pick up food particles from the gastrovascular cavity and take nutrients to outer wall. |
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TRUE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS -evolutionarily, true circulatory systems appear about the same time as complete dig.systems -absorption was assigned for single but, but became necessary to distribute nutrients. -in most animals, further development of circulatory system is tied with respiratory system. |
HEMOLYMPH=OPEN SYSTEM If OPEN there is no distinction between circulating fluid( blood), tissue fluid , & lymph -Hemolymph don't stay in vessels- it pours into body spaces= hemocoels -hemocytes= blood cells within hemolymph -no small blood vessels or capillaries -open systems work with hydrostatic skeleton (uses hemolymph to raise antennae, move legs, or open crumpled wings after metamorphosis) |
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TRUE CIRCULATORY cont.. OPEN SYSTEM *some annelids, most mollusks, all arthropods -hemolymph is returned from the body cavities back into circulatory vessels through pores in heart. Pores close when heart pumps to keep from flowing back into body cavity. |
CLOSED SYSTEM *annelids + vertebrates -blood & circulating fluid is always enclosed within vessels that transport blood away frojm & back to pump the heart. -closed system seen for first time in annelids. |
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VERTEBRATE HEART DIVERSITY Heart chambers -bony fish (2), amphibians(3). Most reptiles (3+), birds & mammals(4)
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COMPONENTS OF MAMMALIAN CICR. SYSTEM 1.Transport Medium- Blood -plasma=liquid portion -formed elements=cells >RBC's-erythrocytes >WBC's-leukocytes >Platelets - Thrombocytes |
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COMPONENTS OF MAMM. CICR. SYST. Cont.. 2.Muscular Pump= Heart -heart has amazing ability to do work. every heartbeat sends blood throughout the body. -continuously working -5 L=total blood volume of a human body -at rest, pumps 5 L/min of blood. -3600 gallons/day or recycles totals blood volume 1500/day. |
3. Tubing=Blood Vessels -60,000 miles of blood vessels in humans -HEART> Arteries> Arterioles> Capillaries>Venules>Veins>Heart -arteries = away from heart -veins=carries blood TO the heart VEINS>HEART>ARTERIES |
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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD -by drawing blood & adding a anticoagulant will separate into 2 major components 1.Plasma=55% of total blood volume (top) 2. Formed elements=45% of total blood volume (bottom) |
COMPONENTS OF PLASMA -92% of water: solvent & suspending medium, carries heat -7% plasma proteins: >Albumins=increases blood viscosity >Globulins= Antibodies that are important in immune defense against antigens >Fibrinogen= important in clotting -1% electrolytes & other substances: nutrients, gases, hormones, waste products |
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FORMED ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD -45% of blood (cells) 1.Erythrocytes=RBCS -transport oxygen w/ hemoglobin -in lower animals respiratory pigments are dissolved in plasma. -blood of invertebrates have only a few cells
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2. Leukocyes=WBCS- defend against foreign invaders (viruses, bacteria, foreign proteins) 2.Thrombocytes=PLATELETS- cell fragments important in blood clotting. |
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BLOOD/3 IMPORTANT BODY FLUIDS -if blood drained so would your life. -most examined tissue from the body, holding insights into health & disease -blood & body fluids bathe cells of your body |
3 BODY FLUIDS 1.Blood plasma- if located in blood vessels 2.Tissue fluid, interstitial fluid or extracellular fluid -if fluid is in & out body tissues. 3.Lymph- if the fluid is in the lymphatic system |
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CAPILLARIES FOR EXCHANGE -capillary walls are extremely thin (simple squamous epithelium) to allow exchange between blood & tissues of body by diffusion, osmosis, & active transport. |
COVERINGS OF THE HEART -the PERICARDIUM is composed of 2 layers w/ pericardial fluid in pericardial cavity BETWEEN the layers to reduce friction. -PARIETAL PARICARDIUM=outer layer of pericardium -VISCERAL PERICARDIUM =is the layer in contact with the heart |
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HEART WALL 3 layers: 1.ENDOCARDIUM= thin layer of C.T. & endothelium (simple squamous epithelium ), provides a smooth inner lining of heart. -blood contacts this layer. Endothelial lining of blood vessels.
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2.MYOCARDIUM= CARDIAC MUSCLE -makes up bulk of heart responsible for pumping of heart 3. EPICARDIUM=VISCERAL -clothes the heart. Smooth & slippery due to serious fluid. |
