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Front 1

Agoraphobia

Back 1

A fear of going out to public places.

Front 2

Amnesia

Back 2

A significant memory loss that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. See also Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia.

Front 3

Anorexia nervosa

Back 3

Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight.

Front 4

Anterograde amnesia

Back 4

Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury.

Front 5

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 5

A type of personality disorder marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.

Front 6

Anxiety disorders

Back 6

A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Front 7

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 7

The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.

Front 8

Availability heuristic

Back 8

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.

Front 9

Behavior

Back 9

Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism.

Front 10

Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manicdepressive disorder)

Back 10

Mood disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods.

Front 11

Bulimia nervosa

Back 11

Eating disorder characterized by habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise.

Front 12

Catastrophic thinking

Back 12

Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems.

Front 13

Catatonic schizophrenia

Back 13

A type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.

Front 14

Commitment

Back 14

An intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise.

Front 15

Comorbidity

Back 15

The coexistence of two or more disorders.

Front 16

Concordance rate

Back 16

The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder.

Front 17

Conditioned response (CR)

Back 17

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning.

Front 18

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 18

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response.

Front 19

Conjunction fallacy

Back 19

An error that occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.

Front 20

Conversion disorder

Back 20

A somatoform disorder characterized by a significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system.

Front 21

Culture-bound disorders

Back 21

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups.

Front 22

Cyclothymic disorder

Back 22

Exhibiting chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.

Front 23

Delusions

Back 23

False beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.

Front 24

Diagnosis

Back 24

Distinguishing one illness from another.

Front 25

Disorganized schizophrenia

Back 25

A type of schizophrenia in which particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.

Front 26

Dissociative amnesia

Back 26

A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

Front 27

Dissociative disorders

Back 27

A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.

Front 28

Dissociative fugue

Back 28

A disorder in which people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity.

Front 29

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Back 29

A type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. Also called multiple-personality disorder.

Front 30

Dysthymic disorder

Back 30

A chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to merit diagnosis of a major depressive episode.

Front 31

Eating disorders

Back 31

Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight.

Front 32

Epidemiology

Back 32

The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.

Front 33

Etiology

Back 33

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

Front 34

Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 34

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

Front 35

Genetic mapping

Back 35

The process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes on specific chromosomes.

Front 36

Hallucinations

Back 36

Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, or gross distortions of perceptual input.

Front 37

Hindsight bias

Back 37

The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out.

Front 38

Hypochondriasis

Back 38

A somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses.

Front 39

Insanity

Back 39

A legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness.

Front 40

Involuntary commitment

Back 40

A civil proceeding in which people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will.

Front 41

Learned helplessness

Back 41

Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events.

Front 42

Major depressive disorder

Back 42

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

Front 43

Medical model

Back 43

The view that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

Front 44

Mood disorders

Back 44

A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes.

Front 45

Multiple-personality disorder

Back 45

See Dissociative identity disorder.

Front 46

Negative reinforcement

Back 46

The strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus.

Front 47

Negative symptoms

Back 47

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

Front 48

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 48

A type of anxiety disorder marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

Front 49

Panic disorder

Back 49

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

Front 50

Paranoid schizophrenia

Back 50

A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur.

Front 51

Personality disorders

Back 51

A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning.

Front 52

Phobias

Back 52

Irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

Front 53

Phobic disorder

Back 53

A type of anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.

Front 54

Positive symptoms

Back 54

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

Front 55

Preparedness

Back 55

A species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

Front 56

Prevalence

Back 56

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.

Front 57

Prognosis

Back 57

A forecast about the probable course of an illness.

Front 58

Psychosomatic diseases

Back 58

Physical ailments with a genuine organic basis that are caused in part by psychological factors, especially emotional distress.

Front 59

Representativeness heuristic

Back 59

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event.

Front 60

Retrograde amnesia

Back 60

Loss of memories for events that occurred prior to a head injury.

Front 61

Schizophrenic disorders

Back 61

A class of psychological disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

Front 62

Somatization disorder

Back 62

A type of somatoform disorder marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin.

Front 63

Somatoform disorders

Back 63

A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments with no authentic organic basis that are due to psychological factors.

Front 64

Stress

Back 64

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and that thereby tax one's coping abilities.

Front 65

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 65

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.

Front 66

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 66

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.

Front 67

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

Back 67

A type of schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms.