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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you look for one inspection for upper/lower limb neuro exam |
SWIFT S - Scars W - Wasting I - Involuntary movements (dystonia, chorea, myoclonus) F - Fasciculations T - Tremor |
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What is a pronator drift and what causes it? |
Ask patient to outstretch arms with palms facing up...observe hands/arm for signs of pronation. Caused by UMN pyramidal pathology |
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What tone do you get in parkinson's disease? |
Rigidity and cog-wheeling |
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What are examples of upper motor neurone lesions and what are the signs of them? |
- Lesions that affect the motor neurone cells in the brain or spinal cord (stroke, MS, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain lesions) - Hyper-reflexia - Pronator drift - Babinski's sign (so extension of big toe) - Spasticity (hypertonia) - Muscle weakness, clasp knife response (resistance followed by less resistance) |
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What are the causes and signs of a lower motor neurone lesion? |
- Causes include trauma to peripheral nerves severing axons, diffuse atrophy, ALS, guillane barre, Polio - Lesions affecting motor neurone cells below the anterior horn. - Muscle weakness - Hypotonia - Hyporeflexia - Fasciculations |
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Where do you see acanthosis nigricans and what is it caused by? |
- Dark pigmentation (can be found in armpits/neck). - Causes include GI adenocarcinoma, obesity |
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What is the romberg's test and why is it significant? |
This test is done to see if the patient has sensory ataxia (do it during lower limb neuro exam). Ask patient to stand and close eyes and see if they lose their balance. |
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What sensation tests do you do in a patient and what do you test for when you do them? |
- Light touch sensation (dorsal/posterior columns and spinothalamic tract) - Pin prick sensation (spinothalamic tracts) - Vibration (dorsal/posterior columns) - Proprioception (dorsal/posterior columns) |
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What can a pronator drift be a sign of? |
UMN pyramidal pathology |
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What investigation do you do to see if a patient has Osteoporosis? |
DEXA scan |
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Tongue deviates to the right when stuck out. Which nerve has been damaged (assuming this is a lower motor neurone lesion)? |
Right Hypoglossal Nerve (tongue deviates to damaged side) |
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Which nerve controls shoulder shrugging? |
Accessory nerve |
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Patient comes in with a headache, ataxia and dysarthria. They have a past medical history of hypertension. What is the most likely cause? |
Cerebellar haemorrhage |
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Man has come for a health check up on his medical insurance. Hypertension is found. What other Ix would you do next? |
Urine dipstick to check for end organ damage (could fine protein and blood) |
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Why must women with Type 1 diabetes have a c-section at 38 weeks? |
Due to a higher risk of stillbirth |
