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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An advantage for cells to be small |
Needs adequate surface area for nutrient uptake, waste disposal, and gas exchange |
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Approximate size of bacteria |
Between .2 and 2.0 |
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Approximate size of eukaryotic cells |
Between .1 and 5.0 |
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Approximate size of viruses |
Between 20 and 40 nanometers |
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Approximate size of organelles |
Between 10 and 20 |
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The metric system |
1um=10^-6m=10^-3mm 1nm=10^-9m=10^-6mm 1000nm=1um .001um=1nm |
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Bright field microscopy |
Dark objects are visible against a bright background |
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Dark field microscopy |
Specimen appears bright on a dsrk background like a photographic negative |
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Phrase-contrast microscopy |
Amplifies differences between refractive indexes of cells and surrounding medium |
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Differential interference contrast microscopy |
Accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a specimen |
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Fluorescence microscopy |
Used to observe organisms that are naturally fluorescent or after adding dye |
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Confocal microscopy |
Used to construct three dimensional image of thicker structures |
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2-photon microscopy |
Use 2 photons to excite a fluorchrome in a "3-d" image |
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Electron microscopy |
Uses electromagnetic lenses, electrons and fluorescent screen to produce image |
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TEM |
Light passes through specimen, then an electromagnetic lens, to a screen or film |
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SEM |
Used to observe surface details |
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Scanned-probe microscopy |
Uses a metal probe to scan a specimen |
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Magnification |
Makes an object bigger |
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Resolution |
Ability of optical instruments to produce images that are clearer, finer, and sharper |
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Staining steps |
1. Methylene blue 2. Water 3. Iodine 4. Water 5. Blot |
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Gram staining |
1. crystal violet 2. Iodine 3. Alcohol Safranin |
