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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ligaments attach _____ to ______.
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Bone to bone
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Ligament stretch at low tension and at high tension.
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Lax at low tension, stiff at high tension
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Ligament is composed of _________.
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Type I Collagen and water (proteoglycans, glycoproteins too)
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Where is the crimp pattern found? What is it responsible found?
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Crimp pattern found in ligament fibers
Responsible for initial non-linear stiffness in response to stress |
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How are fibroblasts distributed in ligaments?
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Distributed with crimped collagen fibers (NOT UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED)
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High tensile strength of ligaments is due to _______.
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Type I Collagen
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What occurs in the toe region?
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Ligament stretch; straightening of crimped fibrils
Dec'd w/age because crimp decreases |
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What occurs in the linera region?
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"Work"--crossing the street, jogging
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What occurs in yield and failure?
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Irreversible changes (failure) or permanent stretching of tissue due to injury
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Creep vs Stress Relaxation
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Creep: progressive deformation of structure with time as load remains constant (brick on memory foam)
Stress relaxation: progressive dec in load w/time as deformation remains constant (jeans tight out of dryer but stretch out) |
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What is hysteresis?
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Energy stored in material when load is given and then relaxed (take brick off of memory foam, won't spring back up, will take time)
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What is the effect of mechanotransduction on gene expression?
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Cytoskeleton displacement initiates gene expression activating either catabolic or anabolic responses.
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Sprain vs Strain
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Sprain = damage to ligament
Strain = damage to muscle |
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Subluxate vs Dislocate
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Subluxate: joint surfaces partially disengage
Dislocate: joint surfaces completely disengage |
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Ligament injuries:
Grade I vs II vs III |
Grade I: mild sprain, overstretching without disruption
Grade II: Moderate sprain, gross tears, hemorrhage, continuity maintained Grade III: complete disruption of ligament |
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Extra-Articular Ligament healing:
Phase I vs II vs III/IV |
Phase I: inflammn
Phase II: matrix/cell prolifern Phase III/IV: remodeling, maturation |
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MCL Tears:
Likely to heal? |
Excellent blood supply for healing; majority treated non-operatively
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ACL Tears:
Likely to heal? |
Torn ligament doesn't spontaneously heal
Can't form fibrin clot Requires replacement to restore ligament function |
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Hyaline cartilage comprises ________.
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Articular cartilage
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Type II collagen comprises _______.
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Articular cartilage
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This is relatively avascular.
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Meniscus
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How does the medial meniscus differ from the lateral meniscus?
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Medial: larger, more firmly attached to capsule, transmits 50% force
Lateral: covers larger amount of plateau surface area, more mobile, transmits 70% of force |
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Function of meniscus cartilage.
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Load bearing, shock absorption
Joint lubrication, proprioception Protects articular cartilage |
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Meniscus Tears:
Likely to heal? |
poor healing potential
Tx: preserve fnal meniscus w/repair, partial menisectomy, replacement |
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Progressive loss of articular cartilage can result in ______.
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**ACL**Tears-->Osteorarthritis
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