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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What problems developed in the Catholic Church in the early 16th century (1500s) in Western Europe?
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Church officials were living a lavish lifestyle, selling of indulgences was common. Ordinary people felt it was too corrupt and money driven.
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What was an indulgence?
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A paper granting you pardon (forgiveness) for all your sins in exchange for money to the Church.
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What monk allegedly nailed 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences on the door of Wittenburg Church?
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Martin Luther, in 1517.
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What was the result of Martin Luther's criticism of the Church?
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He was ordered to Wurms, Germany, to defend his views. When he refused to recant (take it back), he was excommunicated.
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What were some of Luther's ideas?
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Faith alone will save you, not paying priests to be saved. The Bible is the sole source of religious authority/truth. Read the Bible in your own language (vernacular).
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What church was formed by Luther?
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the Lutheran Church.
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What changes were made by Luther?
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He simplified the sacraments to baptism and communion. He translated the Bible into the vernacular (German) instead of Latin.
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What French lawyer moved to Geneva Switzerland to form a religious community?
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John Calvin.
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What happened to him?
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He was likewise ex-communicated.
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What were some of Calvin's ideas?
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The Bible is the source of religious truth. That God shows his favor on the elect (chosen) by their success on Earth. Predestination.
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What was Calvin's idea of presdestination?
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It was the idea that God already knows who is going to be saved/go to h-e -l - l. (H E double hockey sticks)
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What churches came out of Calvin's ideas?
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The Dutch Reformed, Presbyterian, many Scandinavian Protestant churches, etc. etc.
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Why did Henry the VII of England want to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon?
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She had given birth to a daughter and he wanted a son. He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, a lady in waiting.
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What did Henry do when the pope refused to annul his marriage?
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He pushed Parliament into passing the Act of Supremacy in 1534, making him the head of the Church of England. Then he could give himself the divorce and marry Anne Boleyn.
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What did the Church do when Henry approved this act?
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It excommunicated him.
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What church was created from Henry VIII's actions?
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The Church of England (Anglican Church).
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What Catholic Council in 1545 met to attempt to halt the breakaway and creation of all these new Protestant churches?
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The Council of Trent.
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What do historians call the reaffirming of Catholic church teachings?
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The Catholic Counter Reformation (The Catholic Church strikes back, to quote Start Wars)
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What was the Inquisition?
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It was the Catholic church's inquests/trials of heretics (those going against Church teachings). It was harshest in Catholic Spain. Burning or exiling Jews, non Catholics, people accused of heresy.
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What was the Codex?
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An index of forbidden books such as those written by Luther or Calvin or translations of the Bible.
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Who were the Jesuits?
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A Catholic religious order that spread Catholicism and Catholic learning throughout the world.
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What were the effects of the Reformation period?
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(1) Religious unity in WESTERN Europe ended;
(2) One Hundred Years (of religious) Wars; (3) Formation of many Protestant churches. |
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What happened to the six wives of Henry VIII?
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"divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived" |
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What split happened in 1054 in Europe |
The Eastern Schism, also called the Great Schism of 1054. The Eastern Orthodox church broke away from the Catholic Church. They refused to accept the pope as its all-powerful leader. |
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The Papal Schism Washington a conflict over what? |
It was a conflict between three men claiming to be the real 1378-1417. |
