13_Anatomy Block 4.2 The Thigh

Front 1

Where do most fractures of the hip happen?

Back 1

Femoral neck

Front 2

Label

Back 2

A. Medial/Lateral Condyles
B. Intercondylar Notch
C. Epicondyles
D. Adductor Tubercle

Front 3

What is the point of fascia?

Back 3

To increase the efficiency of the muscles - both in power and fatigue.

Front 4

What causes "snapping"

Back 4

IT band - Iliotibial Band

Front 5

Where does the IT band originate/insert?

Back 5

Iliac crest to lateral condyle of tibia.

Front 6

The saphenous opening is inferior to:

Back 6

The inguinla ligament

Front 7

What passes through the saphenous opening? To join what?

Back 7

Great saphenous passes through to join the femoral vein.

Front 8

Medially, you've got the iliacus. Laterally, you've got:

Back 8

Gluteus medius.

Front 9

Anterior Snapping Hip:
1. Muscle involved
2. Painful movement?
3. What structure does the muscle "snap" over?

Back 9

1. Iliopsoas
2. Flexion/extension
3. Tubercle

Front 10

What are the three anterior hip muscles?

Back 10

1. Iliopsoas
2. Psoas major
3. Iliacus

Front 11

What is the most powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip? Where does it insert?

Back 11

Iliopsoas - inserts on the lesser trochanter

Front 12

What is the origin of the Psoas major? What is it innervated by?

Back 12

1. T12 to L5
2. Innervation = ventral rami of L1, L2, L3

Front 13

What is the iliacus innervated by?

Back 13

The femoral nerve.

Front 14

What does the Tensor Fascia Lata tighten? What is its insertion and innervation?

Back 14

The iliotibial tract - where it also inserts.
Innervation = superior gluteal nerve

Front 15

What action does the tensor fascia lata have?

Back 15

1. Internally rotates the hip
2. Also stabilizes the hip when you're doing a leg kicking action - important for walking, running

Front 16

What muscle is this?

Back 16

Obturator externus

Front 17

The obturator externus is a powerful ? but a weak ? (two movements)

Back 17

Lateral rotator
Adductor

Front 18

What is the innervation for the obturator externus?

Back 18

Obturator nerve

Front 19

The anterior thigh muscles are innervated by:
In general, what kind of action are they responsible for?

Back 19

The femoral nerve
Extensors

Front 20

What muscle is this?

Back 20

Sartorius

Front 21

How does the sartorius move the thigh?

Back 21

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates it

Front 22

Where does the sartorius originate? Where does it insert?

Back 22

Originates in ASIS: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine.
Inserts at medial tibia.

Front 23

What muscle is this?

Back 23

Rectus Femoris

Front 24

What muscle is this and where does it originate/insert?

Back 24

Vastus Lateralis.
Originates at greater trochanter and lateral lip linea aspera.
Inserts at lateral patella retinculum

Front 25

Describe an avulsion injury involving the rectus femoris - comparing children to adults.

Back 25

1. Avulsion is the tearing of the tendon from the ASIS.
2. With a growth plate there, children typically tear the growth plate while adults typically tear the tendon.

Front 26

What muscle is this? Where dies it originate/insert

Back 26

Vastus Medialis. Originates at intertrochanteric line and linea aspera. Inserts at medial patellar retinaculum

Front 27

Often when there is a patellar irritation, there is an imbalance between these two muscles:

Back 27

Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis.

Front 28

BTW, what is weak in Trendelenburg gait and what nerve is usually affected?

Back 28

Trendelenburg and superior gluteal nerve.

Front 29

The muscles in the medial thigh are what type of muscles?

Back 29

Adductor muscles

Front 30

What are the adductor mucles (there are four...the fourth one is a group of two).

Back 30

1. Gracilis
2. Pectineus
3. Adductor Longus
4. Adductor Brevis
5. Adductor Magnus (two parts: Adductor and Hamgstring)

Front 31

What is the most superficial and weakest adductor? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Back 31

The gracilis. Originates on the inferior ramus of pubis. Inserts at superior part of medial tibia.

Front 32

1. What muscle is this?
2. What muscles does it lie between?
3. What vein runs between it and the iliopsoas?
4. What artery lies between it and the adductor longus?

Back 32

1. Pectineus
2. Iliopsoas and Adductor longus muscles
3. Medial circumflex artery
4. Deep femoral artery

Front 33

What is the pectineus innervated by?

Back 33

The femoral nerve.

Front 34

1. What muscle is this?
2. How does it move the leg?
3. Where does it originate?
4. Where does it insert

Back 34

1. Adductor longus
2. Adducts and flexes thigh and medial rotator
3. Originates at body of pubis
4. Inserts in middle third of linea aspera

Front 35

1. What muscle is this?
2. What part is the adductor portion and which the hamstring?
3. What is the adductor innervated by? Hamstring?
4. Where does it originate?
5. Where does adductor insert?
6. Where does hamstring insert?

Back 35

1. Adductor magnus
2. obvious
3. Adductor = obturator n; Hamstring = tibial portion of sciatic n
4. Adductor originates from Inferior ramus of pubs; Hamstring originates from ischial tuberocity (same place?)
5. Adductor inserts on gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera; Hamstring = tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Front 36

1. What muscle is this?

Back 36

1. Biceps femoris

Front 37

What are three muscles of the posterior thigh or "hamstring"?

Back 37

1. Semitendinosis
2. Semimembranosis
3. Biceps femoris

Front 38

Where is the most common location for hamstring tear?

Back 38

Musculotendonous junction

Front 39

What region is the rectangular arrow pointing to? What three muscles/tendons attach here?

Back 39

Pes anserinus. Sartorius muscle, gracilis tendon, semi-tendinous tendon

Front 40

What three boundries make up the femoral triangle? What are its contents? (hint, 4 things and its easy if you remember "femoral")

Back 40

SAIL: Sartorius, Adductor longus, Inguinal Ligament,
Contents: Femoral artery, vein, and nerve. Inguinal lymph nodes.

Front 41

Knowing that the femoral nerve, artery and vein exist in the femoral triangle, how would you attempt to draw venous blood?

Back 41

Know the order of these structures going medial to lateral: Vein, Artery, Nerve. So, feel the pulse, and stick medial.

Front 42

What does the femoral sheath contain?

Back 42

Femoral vessels - IT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE FEMORAL N.

Front 43

What are the boarders of the Adductor Canal?

Back 43

VAS: Vastus Medialis
Adductor Longs
Sartorius

Front 44

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

Back 44

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous N.

Front 45

What does the Adductor Hiatus function as a junction for? Vessels pass through this and when they do, their names changed. From what to what?

Back 45

It functions as a junction between the adductor canal and the popliteal fossa.
From Femoral Artery/Vein to Popliteal Artery/Vein

Front 46

What are the three major Arteries of the Thigh?

Back 46

Femoral
Profunda Femoris (perforating branches)
Circumlex (medial, lateral)

Front 47

What are the two major veins in the thigh?

Back 47

Great saphenous
Small saphenous