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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of cancer death?
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Lung cancer
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What is the presentation of lung cancers?
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Cough, hemoptysis, bronchial obstruction, wheezing, pneumonic coin lesions on xray, noncalcified nodule on CT
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What is the SPHERE of complications of lung cancers?
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Superior vena cava syndrome
Pancoast tumor Horner's syndrome Endocrine (paraneoplastic syndrome) Recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarseness) Effusions (pleural or pericardial) |
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What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
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Metastatic cancer, most often from breast, colon, prostate, bladder
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Where are adenocarcinomas found?
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Peripheral
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What are the characteristics of adenocarcinomas?
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Most common lung cancer in NONSMOKERS and FEMALES
Activating mutations in k-ras common, associated with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy |
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What are the characteristics of the bronchioloalveolar subtype?
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CXR often shows hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia, excellent prognosis
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Where are squamous cell carcinomas found?
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Central
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What are the characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas?
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Cavitation
Cigarettes (linked to smoking) hyperCalcemia |
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Where are small cell carcinomas found?
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Central
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What are the characteristics of small cell carcinoma?
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Undifferentiated - VERY AGGRESSIVE
May produce excess ACTH (causing Cushing's), and ADH (causing SIADH) |
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What is the morphology of small cell carcinoma?
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Kulchitsky cells - small dark blue cells
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Where are large cell carcinomas found?
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Peripheral
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What are the characteristics of large cell carcinomas?
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Highly anaplastic undifferentiated tumor, POOR PROGNOSIS
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What is the morphology of large cell carcinoma?
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Pleomorphic giant cells
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What are the characteristics of Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor?
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Excellent prognosis, mets rare
Symptoms usually due to mass effect, occasionally carcinoid syndrome (serotonin secretion = flushing, diarrhea, wheezing) |
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Where are mesotheliomas found?
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Pleural
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What are the characteristics of mesothelioma?
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Malignancy of pleura associated with asbestosis, results in hemorrhagic pleural effusions and pleural thickening
Psammoma bodies |
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What is a pancoast tumor?
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Carcinoma that occurs in the apex of the lung that may affect cervical sympathetic plexus, causing horner's syndrome
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What is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?
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Obstruction of SVC that impairs blood drainage from the head, neck and UE's.
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What are the symptoms of SVC syndrome?
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HA's, dizziness, inc risk of aneurysm/rupture of cranial arteries
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