13 - Pathology: Heart 3

Front 1

Most common complication of RF

Back 1

Mural Thrombosis

Front 2

Most common cause of Mitral Valve Chorditis

Back 2

Rheumatic Fever

Front 3

Bacterial Endocarditis is most common on this side of the Heart?

*Exception

Back 3

Left Side

*except in IV drug user its the Right side

Front 4

Explain the progression of Infective Endocarditis

Back 4

1. Initial damage to valve
2. Fibrin and Platelets deposition
3. Bacteria stick to fibrin
4. PMN's are attracted
5. Deformity of Valve

Front 5

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis is associated with ________

Back 5

SLE (lupus)

Front 6

What is Libman-Sacks Endocarditis?

Back 6

STERILE vegetations on Mitral and Tricuspid Valves

Front 7

Order in frequency of microbial causes of Infective Endocarditis

Back 7

BActeria > Fungi > Chlamydia > Rickettsiae

Front 8

How are Fungi Endocarditis usually acquired?

Back 8

Nosocomial

Front 9

Do Viruses usually cause endocarditis?

Back 9

No, they usually cause Myocarditis

Front 10

Explain the difference between Acute and Subacute Endocarditis

Back 10

Acute: highly virulent microbes, death within days to weeks

Subacute: low virulence, slowly evolving

Front 11

Acute Infective Endocarditis microbes (2)

Back 11

1. S. aureus
2. S. pyogenes

Front 12

Subacute Infective Endocarditis microbes

Back 12

Staph viridans
Staph Epidermidis

Front 13

4 Complications of Endocarditis

Back 13

1. local destruction of valves -> insufficiency
2. Embolism
3. Immune Complexes -> Glomerulonephritis
4. Persistent Bacteremia

Front 14

Alternate name for Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)

Back 14

Marantic Endocarditis

Front 15

NBTE are _______vegetations composed of.....(3)

Back 15

Sterile

Fibrin
Platelets
RBC's

Front 16

In what instances are NBTE encountered?

Back 16

Paraneoplastic Syndrome: Cancer patients with mucin-producing tumors of Colon and Pancreas

Front 17

Complications of NBTE (2)

Back 17

1. precursor to Bacterial Endocarditis
2. Emboli

Front 18

What part of the Valve does NBTE usually affect?

Back 18

the line of the closure of the valve

Front 19

Valve most often affected in Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

Back 19

Mitral

*Libman-Sacks is associated with SLE*

Front 20

Ankylosing Spondylitis is associated with _________

Back 20

Aortic Insufficiency

Front 21

Polyarteritis Nodosa is associated with ________

Back 21

Vasculitis

Front 22

Mitral Valve Prolapse is associated with these diseases

Back 22

Marfan syndrome
Ehlers Danlos
Hyperthyroidism

*Myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve leaflets

Front 23

The stress on the valve from Mitral Valve Prolapse regurgitation can eventually cause ________

Back 23

Calcification of valves

Front 24

4 Complications of Mitral Valve Prolapse

Back 24

1. Mitral insufficiency
2. Infective endocarditis
3. Sytemic Emboli
4. Arrhythmias

Front 25

Heart Murmur associated with Mitral Valve Prolapse

Back 25

Mid-Systolic Click

Front 26

T/F: the majority of people with Mitral Valve Prolapse are asymptomatic

Back 26

T

Front 27

Carcinoid Heart Disease involves the __1__ of the __2__ side of the Heart

Back 27

1. Endocardium/valves
2. Right

Front 28

Valves most commonly affected in Carcinoid Syndrome

Back 28

Tricuspid > Pulmonary

**Left Ventricle is rarely involved**

Front 29

This correlates with the severity of lesion in Carcinoid Syndrome

Back 29

Serotonin levels in plasma

Front 30

Carcinoid Syndrome symptoms

Back 30

1. Flushing of the skin
2. Diarrhea

Front 31

Most common cause of Myocarditis

Back 31

Viruses
-Coxsackie A/b

Front 32

Protozoa that can cause Myocarditis and the Disease its called

Back 32

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Chagas Disease

Front 33

Consequences of Hyperthyroidism

Back 33

Tachycardia
Palpations
Cardiomegaly

Front 34

Consequences of Hypothyroidism

Back 34

Bradycardia
Hypotension
"flabby heart"

Front 35

Deficiency that is associated with Peripheral Vasodilation leading to High-Output Cardiac Failure and Peripheral Edema

Back 35

Thiamine Deficiency = Wet Beriberi

Front 36

3 main types of Cardiomyopathy

Back 36

1. Dilated
2. Hypertrophic
3. Restrictive

Front 37

Dilated Cardiomyopathy presents with _____ failure

Back 37

Systolic

Front 38

Alternate name for Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Back 38

Congestive

Front 39

4 possible causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Back 39

1. Genetic
2. Viral
3. Immuonologic
4. Toxic: Alcohol -> Thiamine deficiency

Front 40

Clinical finding in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Back 40

All 4 chambers are dilated and hypertrophied

Front 41

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:
-hypertrophy of the Ventricles impedes _______

Back 41

Diastolic Filling = diastolic dysfxn

Front 42

What is the usual cause of Hypertrohpic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 42

Genetic: mutation involving Beta-cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain

Front 43

Part of Heart that is usually Hypertrophied the most in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Back 43

Interventricular Septum which causes obstruction of blood flow out the Aortic Valve

Front 44

Cause of RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY

Back 44

Ventricular myocardium is infiltrated with extraneous material that decreases their compliance

Front 45

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy casues dysfunction in _______

Back 45

Systolic and Diastolic phases

Front 46

5 Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Back 46

1. Amyloidosis
2. Endomyocardial Fibrosis
3. Sarcoidosis
4. Hemochromatosis = iron overload
5. Pompe Disease in Infants

Front 47

Most Common CARDIOMYOPATHY

Back 47

Dilated