13 Colonies Postal Abbreviations

Front 1

Massachuets

Back 1

MA

Front 2

New Hampsire

Back 2

NH

Front 3

Connecticut

Back 3

CT

Front 4

New York

Back 4

NY

Front 5

New Jersey

Back 5

NJ

Front 6

Pennsylvania

Back 6

PA

Front 7

Delaware

Back 7

DE

Front 8

Maryland

Back 8

MD

Front 9

Virginia

Back 9

VA

Front 10

North Carolina

Back 10

NC

Front 11

South Carolina

Back 11

SC

Front 12

Georgia

Back 12

GA

Front 13

legislature

Back 13

Gp of ppl who have power to make laws

Front 14

bill of rights

Back 14

Written list of freedoms that govt promises to protect

Front 15

franchise / suffrage

Back 15

Right to vote

Front 16

freedom of the press

Back 16

Right of journalists to publish true information without fear of punishment

Front 17

apprentice

Back 17

Person who learns a trade (skilled job) by working for someone in that trade

Front 18

racism

Back 18

Belief that your own race is superior others and that you can mistreat races you consider inferior to your own

Front 19

public school

Back 19

School supported by taxes in Massachusetts beginning in 1647

Front 20

Great Awakening

Back 20

Revival of religious fervor in 1730s and 1740s

Front 21

Enlightenment

Back 21

Period of scientific and political enquiry (questioning) during 1600-1700s

Front 22

natural rights

Back 22

Rights that belong to every human being, according to John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers like Thomas Jefferson

Front 23

separation of powers

Back 23

Baron de Montesquieu's idea that government's power should be limited by giving powers to separate branches.

Front 24

1. Articles of Confederation

Back 24

America's first Constitution, 1781--1787

Front 25

2. Founding Fathers

Back 25

men who wrote and supported the ratification of the US Constitution

Front 26

3. US Constitution

Back 26

written framework of limited govt for the United States; ratified in 1788

Front 27

4. Representative / Republican govt

Back 27

Form of democratic govt in which people elect representatives to create, enforce, and interpret public policy; the US's form of democracy

Front 28

5. Compromise

Back 28

process in which all sides in a dispute or situation give up certain key points/policies in order to reach agreements acceptable to all

Front 29

6. Preamble

Back 29

introduction of US Constitution; states six goals of US democracy; US statement of Social Contract Theory of Govt

Front 30

7. Social Contract

Back 30

John Locke's theory that govt is a social contract between the people and the govt; govt should protect people and work for them; any govt that does not fulfill the terms of the contract may be abolished by the people who create and control it

Front 31

8. Separation of Powers

Back 31

method of controlling govt by separating the powers of govt among different groups of people (branches)

Front 32

9. Legislative Branch

Back 32

lawmaking branch of govt; headed by US Congress

Front 33

10. Executive Branch

Back 33

law enforcement branch of govt; headed by US President

Front 34

11. Judicial Branch

Back 34

law interpretation branch of govt; headed by US Supreme Court

Front 35

12. Legislate

Back 35

to make laws

Front 36

13. Execute

Back 36

to enforce or enact laws

Front 37

14. Interpret / judge

Back 37

to judge, to decide the fairness of laws and law enforcement

Front 38

15. Checks and balances

Back 38

system by which each branch can interfere with the powers given to the other branches

Front 39

16. Division of Power / Federalism

Back 39

system of govt in which a higher law (Constitution) gives some govt power to the national govt and other govt power to the State govts; national govt cannot give or take power from states

Front 40

17. House of Representatives

Back 40

Lower House of Congress

Front 41

18. Senate

Back 41

Upper House of Congress

Front 42

19. Impeach

Back 42

to charge a govt official with a crime; this power belongs ONLY to the HOR

Front 43

20. Confirm

Back 43

to approve (or refuse to approve) a President's nominee; this power belongs ONLY to the Senate

Front 44

21. Ratify

Back 44

to approve (or refuse to approve) a President's treaty with another country; this power belongs ONLY to the Senate

Front 45

22. Veto

Back 45

(v) to refuse to sign a bill into law; (n) President's refusal to sign a bill into law

Front 46

23. Override the veto

Back 46

Congress's ability to enact a law without Presidential signature/approval by passing a vetoed bill with a 2/3 majority of both houses

Front 47

24. Presidential qualifications / term of office

Back 47

1. 35 years old;2. natural born US citizen;3. US resident for 14 years;4. 4 year term

Front 48

25. Nominate / appoint

Back 48

Presidential power to choose/name certain advisors or high govt officials like Cabinet members, federal judges, or other department heads; Senate can confirm or refuse to confirm

Front 49

26. Cabinet

Back 49

President's top advisors; department heads

Front 50

27. Pardon

Back 50

President's nearly absolute power to excuse someone from punishment; President may NOT pardon someone who has been impeached and convicted by Congress

Front 51

28. Presidential succession

Back 51

list of people who can become President if s/he leaves office unexpectedly; Vice-President, Speaker of the House, President pro tem of the Senate

Front 52

29. Oath of office

Back 52

President's promise to uphold the Constitution

Front 53

30. Supreme Court qualifications / term of office

Back 53

no qualifications, but must be nominated by Prez and confirmed by Senate; life

Front 54

31. Judicial review

Back 54

Supreme Court's power to determine if public policy, laws and law enforcement are Constitutional

Front 55

32. Treason

Back 55

fighting against the United States govt or helping others to do so as witnessed by at least two people

Front 56

33. Amendment

Back 56

any change to the Constitution

Front 57

34. Bill of Rights

Back 57

first 10 amendments to the Constitution; list of individual Americans rights and protections against govt

Front 58

35. First Amendment protections (5)

Back 58

religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

Front 59

36. Miranda warning

Back 59

law enforcement's announcement to person under arrest that they have certain fifth and sixth amendment rights including protections from self-incrimination and the right to counsel

Front 60

37. Due process

Back 60

fair laws and fair enforcement; 4th and 14th Amendments ensure that National govt (4th) and States (14th) follow due process when they make, enforce, and interpret laws

Front 61

38. Repeal

Back 61

(n) cancellation of a law or Constitutional amendment; (v) to cancel; 18thAmendment was repealed by 21stAmendment

Front 62

39. Franchise

Back 62

the right to vote; groups of Americans have gained the right to vote with passage of different Constitutional amendments-- Black men: 15thAmendment; Women: 19thAmendment; 18 year olds: 26thAmendment