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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The lymphatic system drains into the ____________________. |
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct |
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Describe the route of lymph through a lymph node. |
(in) afferent vessels --> subcapsular sinus --> paratrabecular sinuses --> medullary sinuses --> efferent vessels (out) |
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Lymphocytes are brought into the lymph node through the ______________. |
artery |
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What are the 4 main functions of lymph nodes? |
1. Non-specific filtration of foreign material & microorganisms from lymph by macrophages
2. Initiation of immune response by interaction of circulating lymphocytes with antigens in lymph 3. Aggregation, activation, and proliferation of B cells/plasma cells for antibody production 4. Aggregation, activation, proliferation of T cells for cytoxic immune responses |
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Where do lymphocytes proliferate? |
In the germinal centers of follicles |
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What is lymphoma? |
A malignancy of lymphocytes |
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Name 5 different classifications of lymphoma. |
1. Follicular lymphoma -- grossly expanded follicles 2. Diffuse lymphoma -- no follicles, internal structure is wiped out 3. Small lymphocyte lymphoma (SLL) -- follicles are overridden with small neoplastic lymphocytes (diffuse) 4. Large cell lymphoma -- follicles are overridden with very enlarged lymphocytes (diffuse) 5. Hodgkin's lymphoma -- malignant lymphocytes are scattered among normal cells |
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What is the purpose of the spleen? |
It stores blood, disintegrates old RBCs, and filters foreign substances from the blood |
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What differentiates the spleen from lymph nodes (histologically)? |
The spleen contains some white pulp (containing lymphocytes), but mostly red pulp (where RBCs go through sinuses/open circulation back to veins). |
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In the spleen, ____________ produces lymphocytes that migrate to _____________, where they are incorporated into __________. |
White pulp produces lymphocytes that migrate to red pulp, where they are incorporated into blood. |
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T cells differentiate and mature in the ___________. |
Thymus |
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____% of T cells undergo apoptosis during differentiation and selection. |
95% |
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What T cells are selected for apoptosis? |
1. Self-reacting lymphocytes -- cells that react with self antigen 2. Non-reacting lymphocytes -- cells that do no react with foreign antigen |
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T cells move from the ________ to the _________ of the thymus, from which they enter the bloodstream. |
cortex --> medulla |
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What are the two types of bone marrow? |
1. Red marrow -- hematopoietic 2. Yellow marrow -- fat |
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Where does erythrocyte and granulocyte maturation occur? |
Red bone marrow |
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More immature cells have a ______ cytoplasm due to _________. |
Bluer due to RNA/ribosomes |
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More mature erythro/granulocytes have a _______ cytoplasm due to __________. |
Pinker due to hemoglobin |
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How does the nucleus change as erythro/granulocytes mature? |
Nucleus goes from larger and less packed to smaller and denser. |
