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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are prokaryote and eukaryote cells defined?
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By their cell structure and presence of nucleus
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What is LUCA?
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The last universal common ancestor.
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Which is more stable in a aqueous solution: DNA or RNA?
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DNA since it is double stranded
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What sets Archea apart from bacteria?
Give an example |
It is more closely related to Eukaryota cells than bacteria. this suggests that bacteria was the first out of the three to diverge from LUCA
Enzymes in transcription and translation in archea are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria |
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What are Archea known for?
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They are extremely adaptive, and can live in extremes of temperature, salinity and other harsh conditions
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Eukaryotes have membrane bound compartments that allow for specialisation of various roles, What do prokaryotic cells have?
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They just have the one membrane, but do have sites for particular reactions, such as the ribosome.
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What type of cell has a protein coating of its DNA?
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Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells has naked DNA
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What is the important molecule of bacteria cell walls? And what test can be used to identify bacteria based on this molecule and what are the two results of this test?
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Peptidoglycon, which gives its flexibility and provides site for adhesion. A gram stain can be used to determine the thickness of the oeptidoglycon layer. Gram positive shows the presence of a thick peptidoglycon layer and gram negative shows the presence of a thin peptidoglycon layer.
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What structures do cells use for motility and adhesion?
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Flagella and pili.
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What are some characteristic of a nucleus?
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Container for DNA. Surrounded by Double nuclear membrane. Membrane perforated by pores. Chromatin is contained inside.
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What does the nucleolus do?
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Assemble ribosomes from RNA and protein.
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What makes up chromatin?
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DNA coated by protein.
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What are some characteristics of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Continuous membrane system of the outer nucleus that houses ribosomes. Some chemical modifications occur here and referred onto the Golgi for further modification
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Where and what do ribosomes do?
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They are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER and are the site for protein synthesis
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What important process does the mitochondria house?
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Cellular respiration. It also has its own DNA and ribosomes for protein synthesis
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Where is DNA housed?
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Primarily in the Nucleus . The Mitochondria also has its own DNA and ribosomes for protein synthesis
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What are some characteristics of Chloroplasts?
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Are found only in plant cells and contain the pigment chlorophyll and this is where photosynthesis occurs.
Like the Mitochondria it can synthesis its own proteins. |
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Can mitochondria move around the cell?
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Yes. the mitochondria can move around inside the cell to deliver energy where it is required
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What organelles are predicted to be derived from endosymbiosis? Give examples.
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, since they can synthesis their own proteins and contain their own DNA
Mitochondria appear to be derived by aerobic respiring alpha proteobacteira. Chloroplasts appear to have been derived from oxygen evoling photosynthetic cyanobacteria |
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Why is the cytoskeleton important?
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It provides structure for the cell and is vital during mitosis since microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments are part of the cytoskeleton. It is also important in cell motility and cell shape
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What is the Vacuole?
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The storage site for water in plants and assist in pH regulation. It maintains turgor pressure and also pushes chloroplasts towards cellular membrane (light). Also is a site for polysaccharides.
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