1.3 & 1.4

Front 1

valid argument

Back 1

iff it is impossible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

Front 2

solid argument

Back 2

iff it is both valid and has true premises

Front 3

strong argument

Back 3

iff it is improbable for the premises to be true and the conclusion false

Front 4

cogent

Back 4

is is strong and has false premises

Front 5

deductive argument

Back 5

aim at a valid argument

Front 6

inductive argument

Back 6

-aims to establish a probable connection
-trying to establish a strong argument

Front 7

argument based on mathematics

Back 7

-deductive

Front 8

argument based on definitions

Back 8

-deductive
-it can be stated or not

Front 9

syllogism

Back 9

-deductive
-begins with words like "all," "no," "some," "if then," and "either" "or"

Front 10

prediction

Back 10

-inductive
-future
-may use syllogistic argument and syllogistics trump this rule. it would then become a deductive argument

Front 11

analogy

Back 11

-inductive
-not always used as arguments
-not a good reason for making an argument
-typically become weak arguments

Front 12

generalization

Back 12

-inductive
-goes from small groups to larger
-uses "all" or "most" in conclusions

Front 13

argument from authority

Back 13

-inductive
-when you believe something because of who said it

Front 14

argument based on signs

Back 14

-inductive
-a communication by an intelligent being

Front 15

causal inference

Back 15

-inductive
-uses cause and effect to figure something out
-Cause to effect or effect to cause