Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Medical term for blood in stool.
|
Melena
|
|
|
Medical term for painful swallowing.
|
Odynophagia
|
|
|
Esophageal atresia:
Presentation Associated anomalies Anatomical site most frequently affected |
Esophageal atresia:
Presents right after birth with immediate regurgitation after feeding Risks aspiration and recurrent pneumonia Common assocd anomalies: Heart, GU, GI Most frequently ocurs at tracheal bifurcation |
|
|
Hiatal Hernia:
Sliding vs Paraesophageal Complications |
Sliding >> Paraesophageal
Sliding = stomach edge slides up and down diaphragm paraesophageal = stomach pops through diaphragm, is pinched there, and stays in place Complications: GERD (incompetent LES), bleeding, ulceration, perforation |
|
|
Reflux esophagitis:
Causes Histologic features |
multifactorial, incomp LES; hiatal hernia, obesity, EtOH, tobacco, CNS depressants, pregnancy
Histo: Elongation of papillae Basal cell hyperplasia Intraepithelial ephils, nphils |
|
|
Eosinophilic esophagitis:
Symptoms Treatment |
Mostly atopic (allergy)
Syx: food impaction, dysphagia, GERD-like Tx: dietary restriction (cow's milk), steroid inhalation |
|
|
Barrett's Esophagus:
Population most affected Pathogenesis Complications |
Middle-aged white men
Reflux-->inflammation and mucosal injury -->During healing, cells may dx/dy into abnl intestinal mucosa (glandular) that may be more injury resistant Complications: Ulceration Bleeding Stricture DYSPLASIA!--->adenoca |
|
|
Barrett's esophagus:
Histologic Features |
Metaplastic columnar epithelium with GOBLET CELLS
(salmon colored tongue mucosa) |
|
|
Infectious esophagitis:
Presentation Populations affected Causes |
Presents with odynophagia
Mostly affects immunocomp'd, elderly Causes: HSV CMV Candida bacterial causes RARE |
|
|
CMV vs HSV esophagitis:
Nuclear inclusions |
In CMV, viral nuclear inclusions are located in ulcer
In HSV, viral nuclear inclusions are located in epithelium surrounding ulcer. |
|
|
What is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis?
Populations affected? |
Most common cause = candida esophagitis
Assocd w/Abx used in those with COMPETENT immune systems. Due to Candida albicans. Fungal invasion = requirement for dx since candida is normal in GI tract. |
|
|
What are the most common esophageal tumors?
|
Adenoca (50%)
Squamous CC (50%) |
|
|
Barrett's esophagus poses at 10% lifetime risk of _______.
|
ADENOCARCINOMA of esophagus
|
|
|
Esophageal adenocarcinoma:
Risk factors |
BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS
Tobacco Obesity |
|
|
Why is survival for esophageal cancer so poor?
|
No serosal lining and can extend directly into adjacent structures
|
|
|
Adenocarcinoma vs Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
Region of esophagus affected |
Adeno: lower esophagus (near stomach border)
SCC: mid-esophagus |
|
|
Esophageal atresia:
Type A vs Type B vs Type C |
Type A: esophagus ends in blind loop; presents w/regurgitation
Type B: resophagus terminates at trachea, results in aspiration pneumonia Type C (most common): Esophagus terminates in blind loop (regurgitation) Second half of esophagus connected to trachea; gastric content ends up in lungs-->aspiration pneumonia |
