124 Week 3 Infection Lilley 37 Antibiotics

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antibiotic

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having or pertaining to the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. The term is used most commonly to refer to antibacterial drugs.

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B-Lactam

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the name for a broad, major class of antibiotics that includes four subclasses,
1. penicillins,
2. cephalosporins,
3. carbapenems,
4. monobactams

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B-Lactamase

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Any of a group of enzymes produced by bacteria that catalyze the chemical opening of the crucial B-lactam ring structures in B-lactam antibiotics.

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B-Lactamase inhibitors

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Medications combined with certain penicillin drugs to block the effect of B-lactamase enzymes.

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bactericidal antibiotic

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an antibiotic that kills bacteria

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bacteriostatic antiobiotic

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an antibiotic that does not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibits their growth

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empiric therapy

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administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner's judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture information has been obtained

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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

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an inherited disorder in which the red blood cells are partially or completely deficient in glucose 6 dehydrogenase, a critical enzyme in the metabolism of glucose. Certain medications can cause anemia in patients with this disorder. This is an example of a host factor related to drug therapy.

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host factors

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factors that are unique to the body of a particular patient that affect the patient's susceptibility to infection and response to various antibiotic drugs.

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infections

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invasions and multiplications of microorganisms in body tissues

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microorganisms aka microbes

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microscopic living organisms

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prophylactic antibiotic therapy

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antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to an infectious organism in an effort to prevent the development of infection

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slow acetylation

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a common genetic host factor in which the rate of metabolism of certain drugs is reduced

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subtherapeutic

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referring to antibiotic treatment that is ineffective in treating a given infection. possible causes include inappropriate drug therapy, insufficient drug dosing, or bacterial drug resistance.

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superinfection

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(1) An infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection, resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotic used. (2) A secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection, often due to weakening of the patient's immune system function by the first infection.

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teratogens

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substance that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus

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therapeutic

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referring to antibiotic therapy that results in sufficient concentrations of the drug in the blood or other tissues to render it effective against specific bacterial pathogens