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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some distinctive features of autotrophs?
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Use CO2 as sole carbon source, get nergy photosynthetically and by oxidation of inorganic compounds
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What are some distinctive features of heterotrophs?
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Use organic substance and ferment them or oxidize them; most closely associated with human disease
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How are most pathogenic bacteria categorized in terms of temperature requirements?
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They are mesophiles.
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What are the four phases of bacterial growth?
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lag, log, stationary, and death
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What is the electron acceptor with fermentation?
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an organic compound
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Is fermentation an efficient energy generation process?
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No
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What types of bacteria participate in fermentation?
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obligate and facultative anaerobes
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What is th difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron receptor whereas anaerobic respiration uses inorganic forms of oxygen
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Is glycolysis an aerobic process?
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No. It leads to production of pyruvate without the need for oxygen producing ATP and an NADH
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Is the TCA cycle an aerobic process?
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Yes. And it is, therefore, much more energy efficient
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What type of catabolic reaction is the glycerol to fatty acid reaction (micro)?
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degradation
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What tranpsport protein brings lactose into the cell (micro)?
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β-galactoside permease
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Which enzyme degrades lactose?
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β-galactosidase
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What are the 3 pathways to get glucose to pyruvic acid (micro)?
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Emben-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP, glycolytic), pentose phosophate, Entener-Doudoroff
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At which intermediate can EMP products enter the pentose phosphate pathway?
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Glucose-6-phosphate (and reenter EMP at fructose 1,6-bisphosphate)
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At which intermediate can EMP products enter the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
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glyceraldehde-3-phosphate (reversible)
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What are the energetic products of the EMP?
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NADH (or NADH2--reductive power) and ATP
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Which bacteria prefer the pentose phosphate pathway over the EMP pathway?
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lactobacilli
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What are the products of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
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glucose (via glyceraldehyde-3-phospate) to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde phosphate(?) ((generates an NADPH but uses ATP)
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What bacteria uses the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
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Pseudomonas (basically a less efficient method of glycolysis that also generates NADPH)
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What's the major difference in oxidative phosphorylation of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
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The electron transport chain is in the cell membrane as bacteria do not have mitochondria.
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What pathway is used to generate purine nucleotides?
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pentose phosphate
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What pathway is used to generate pyrimidine nucleotides (micro)?
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Produced by synthesis of pyrimidine orotate
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What pathway is used to synthesize thymine (micro)?
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tetrahydrofolate pathway (an antimicrobial target)
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Which antibiotics interfere with the tetrahydrofolate pathway?
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suflonamides and trimethoprim
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