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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 characteristics of true animals
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-multi celled
-heterotrophs -aerobic -sexual reproductive cycle and/or asexual -mobile -embryonic stage of developement during their lifecycle |
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5 parameters to classify invertibres
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-symetry
-cephalozation -gut -body cavity -segmentation |
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2 kinds of symetry
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-radial
-bilaterial |
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definition of cephalozation
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concentration of pre-brain cells
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definition of gut
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digestive system
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2 kinds of guts
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-tubular
-sack-like |
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definition of body cavity
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space between gut and outside wall of body
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2 types of body cavities
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-coelum
-false/suto coelum |
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definition of coelum
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does not have paratenilum
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definition of false/suto coelum
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has paratenilum
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2 types of segmentation
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-similar segments (analids)
-not similar segments (insects) |
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characteristic of sponges
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does not have tissue organization
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characteristic of flat worms
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extremely parasitic and can cause a lot of diseases in humans
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characteristic of round worms
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can cause a lot of diseases in humans
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definition of rotofers
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live in water and can be found on mosses
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2 stages of cnedarians
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-polyp stage
-medusa stage |
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characteristic of cnedarians
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specialized cell called a nomatocyst
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definition of nomatocyst
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specialized cell that has the ability to shoot out a barbed hook that can paralyze potental prey
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2 characteristics of rotofers
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-most always females
-do not split transversely |
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5 reasons why arthopods are the most successful organisms
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-greatest number of species
-produce greatest number of offspring -occupy the most habitats -defend against all threats and competition -they can exploit the most kinds and amounts of food |
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6 adaptations of arthopods to ensure success
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-hardened exoskeleton
-jointed appendages -fused and modified segments -specialized respertory structures -specialized sensory structures -division of labor |
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characteristic of achinoderms
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spiny skin
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2 types of cordates
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-invertibres
-vertibres |
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4 characteristics of the first cordates (invertibres)
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-had a notocord: a folding of tissue that acted as an early backbone
-had a nervecord: acted as an early spinalcord under the notocord -had slits in their side: acted as early gils -had a tail |
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4 trends of the second cordates (vertibres)
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-notocord formed spinal column
-after jaws evolved, the nerve cord formed spinal cord with brain at one end -the slits evolved into gils for speed -developed paired fins for stability and manuverablity |
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8 major catagories of vertibres
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-plakaderms: armored fish
-jawless fish -cartoagulus fish -boney fish -amphibians -reptiles -birds -mammels |
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2 groups of the boney fish that formed amphibians
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-lobed finned fish
-lung fish |
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characteristic of amphibians
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very thin skin so 90% of resperation occured through skin
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problem with amphibians
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they were tied to the water (both for skin and fertilization)
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4 innovations of reptiles
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-dry scally skin
-internal fertilization -amniot eggs -very efficent kidneys |
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2 characteristics of birds
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-feathers
-hollow bones |
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2 types of feathers
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-feathers for flight (stiff)
-feathers for insulation (soft) |
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3 groups of mammels
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-monotremes
-marsupios -euferians |
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definition of eferians
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eventually evolved into primates (anthropoids)
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definition of anthropoids
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first primate species that evolved into apes, chimps, monkeys, arangs
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main reason that homonoids evolved into homonids
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changes in the environment (cooler, lost the forests, grassy plains)
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5 trends of success in homonids
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-became less reliant on smell and more reliant daytime vision
-freeing of hands (made available) -refined hand movements (power and precision grip) -teeth became less specialized -evolution of the brain, behavior, and culture |
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2 theories of how homonids moved out of africa
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-multi regional theory
-african emergance theory |
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primary method used to determine a mate with humans
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sexual selection
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definition of the multi regional theory
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homo erectus left africa and settled in europe and asia. from there they evolved into homo sapians; thus forming the seperate races
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definition of the african emergance theory
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homo sapians left africa and settled throughout europe and asia and developed
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