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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two branches of the autonomic nervous system |
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (calm) |
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Nausea |
-sympathetic stimulations of the stomach -parasympathetic stimulation of the intestines and salivary glands |
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James-Lange theory |
the autonomic arousal and skeletal actions come first eg. you feel afraid because you run away; you feel angry because you attack |
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Commonsense view |
frightening situation --> FEAR --> Running away, increased HR |
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What are the three components of emotion |
cognitions, actions, and feelings -cognition comes first (according to James) |
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Steps of James-Lange theory |
Event --> appraisal --> action --> emotional feeling |
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James-Lange theory leads to two predictions: |
1.)people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel less emotion 2.)causing or increasings someone's responses should enhance an emotion |
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pure autonomic failure |
output from the autonomic nervous systems to the body fails, either completely or almost completely -Heartbeat and other organs activities continues, but not under the control of the nervous system |
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BOTOX |
blocks transmission at synapses and nerve-muscle junctions -inability to frown=hard to process unpleasant information -reported weaker than usual emotional responses when they watched short videos |
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People with damage to the right somatosensory cortex |
had normal autonomic responses to emotional music, but little subjective experience
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people with damage to part of the pre-frontal cortex |
had weak autonomic responses but normal subjective responses |
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Panic attack |
period marked by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal |
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Effect of Facial expression on Emotion (pen experiment) |
people whole hold a pen in their teeth and who are therefore forced to smile, are more likely to report amusement than are people with a pen in their lips, who therefore cannot smile |
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Mobius Syndrome |
cannot move their facial muscles to make a smile -they experience happiness and amusement |
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What does the JL theory not insist? |
that we can tell one emotional apart from another by our physiological responses |
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Limbic System |
interlinked structure that form a border around the strain stem (the forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus) |
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Is the limbic system important for emotion? |
yes, it has been regarded as critical for emotion |
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What two cortices show many dots and other kinds of research that point to these areas as important for emotion? |
frontal and temporal cortices |
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Brains of patients with epilepsy to monitor their responses over time |
particular cells responded mainly to pleasant pictures and others that responded mainly to unpleasant picture but no one has demonstrated cells that respond only to a particular unpleasant emotion (sadness or fear) |
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What is the only emotion that seems to be associated with the response of particular brain area? what is the area called? |
-disgust -insular cortex (insula) |
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insula |
-primary area locating disgust -primary taste cortex -also responds to frightening pictures and pictures of angry faces (therefore we should not too closely equate the insula with disgust) |
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Behavioral Activation System (BAS) |
left brain hemispheric activity marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize either happiness or anger |
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Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) |
right brain hemispheric activity, which increases attention and arousal, inhibits action and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust |
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Happier, more outgoing and more fun-loving people |
greater activity in the frontal cortex of the left hemisphere activity |
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Socially withdrawn, less satisfied with life and prone to unpleasant emotions |
greater right-hemisphere activity |
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Right hemisphere |
more responsive to emotional stimuli (than left) -listening to laughter or crying activates the right side of the amygdala more than the left |
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damage to the right temporal cortex |
have trouble identifying other peoples emotional expressions or even saying whether two people are expressing the same emotion or different ones |
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Who is better at detecting unhonesty? |
people with left hemisphere brain damage -watch videos of 10 people either telling the truth or lying (about 60% correct) -allows the right hemisphere do what its does best: detect emotion |
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Wada procedure |
-injecting drugs into one carotid arteries to provide blood to the head-sometimes used before certain kinds of brain surgery |
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Moral Desicions |
moral dilemmas which activates brain areas known to respond to emotion (prefrontal cortex and cingu-late gyrus) make it harder to decide what is best -we don't want to act to harm someone because ewe identify with that other person and begin to feel the pain that our actions might cause that other person |
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Damage to parts of the prefrontal cortex |
-blunts peoples emotions except for occasional outburst of anger -impairs decision making-they are able to make that utilitarian decision quickly and calmly |
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Phineas Gage |
-prefrontal damage -iron rod through Gage's prefrontal cortex -behaviour impulsive and he made poor decisions
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Antonio Damasio |
-expressed almost no emotions -very rational, but made bad decisions that cost him his job, marriage, and savings
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damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex |
-people seem deficient in their sense of guilt
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If brain damage impairs someone's emotions, what happens to the person;s decision making?
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after brain damage that impairs emotion, pople make impulsive decisions, evidently because they do not quickly imagine how bad a poor decision might make them feel |
