12: The Gastrointestinal System (2/2)

Front 1

biopsy (Bx)

Back 1

removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological examination

Front 2

endoscopy

Back 2

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as biopsy, excision of lesions, and therapeutic interventions

Front 3

upper gastrointestinal (GI) series

Back 3

x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium; barium is the most commonly used medium

Front 4

laparoscopy

Back 4

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery

Front 5

colonoscopy

Back 5

examination of colon using a flexible colonoscope

Front 6

proctoscopy

Back 6

examination of rectum and anus with proctoscope

Front 7

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 7

nonionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 8

radiography

Back 8

x-ray imaging used to detect condition or anomaly within gastrointestinal tract

Front 9

small bowel series

Back 9

x-ray examination of small intestine; generally done with upper GI series

Front 10

lower GI series

Back 10

x-ray imaging of colon after admin. of an enema containing a contrast medium

Front 11

barium enema

Back 11

x-ray imaging of colon after admin. of an enema containing a contrast medium

Front 12

computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen

Back 12

cross-sectional x-ray imaging of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the GI tract

Front 13

cholangiogram

Back 13

x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Front 14

pancreatitis

Back 14

inflammation of pancreas

Front 15

cheiloplasty

Back 15

repair of lip

Front 16

glossorraphy

Back 16

suture of tongue

Front 17

esophagoplasty

Back 17

repair of esophagus

Front 18

gastrectomy

Back 18

partial or complete removal of stomach

Front 19

gastric resection

Back 19

partial removal and repair of stomach

Front 20

gastroenterostomy

Back 20

formation of an artificial opening between stomach and small intestine; often performed at time of gastrectomy to route food from remainder of stomach to intestine; also performed to repair a perforated duodenal ulcer

Front 21

abdominocentesis

Back 21

puncture of abdomen for aspiration of fluid

Front 22

laparotomy

Back 22

incision into abdomen

Front 23

laparoscopic surgery

Back 23

abdominal surgery using laparoscope

Front 24

herniorrhaphy

Back 24

repair of hernia

Front 25

hernioplasty

Back 25

repair of hernia

Front 26

colostomy

Back 26

creation of opening in the colon through abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions

Front 27

appendectomy

Back 27

excision of a diseased appendix

Front 28

polypectomy

Back 28

excision of polyps

Front 29

proctoplasty

Back 29

repair of anus and rectum

Front 30

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 30

excision of hemorrhoids

Front 31

hepatic lobectomy

Back 31

excision of a lobe of the liver

Front 32

cholecystectomy

Back 32

excision of gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease

Front 33

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Back 33

excision of gallbladder through laparoscope

Front 34

pancreatectomy

Back 34

excision of pancreas

Front 35

antacid

Back 35

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

Front 36

antiemetic

Back 36

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Front 37

antispasmodic

Back 37

drug that decreases motility in GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

Front 38

cathartic

Back 38

drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative