1.2 Name That Drug

Front 1

- cholinergic agonist
- NT

MOA: stimulates both muscarinic & nicotinic receptors

- rapidly metabolized
- no clinical use

Back 1

Acetylcholine

Front 2

- cholinergic agonist

- Partial agonist at nicotinic receptors
- NMJ intial stim leads to paralysis
- Tx for nicotine craving

Back 2

Varenicline

Front 3

- Cholinergic agonist
- Prokinetic GI drug

- Works at both muscarinic & nicotinic receptors
- stimulates peristalsis & urination

Back 3

Bethanechol

Front 4

- Cholinergic agonist

- Nicotinic receptors
- tx poisoning w/ atropine, anticonvulsants, respiration

Back 4

Nicotine

Front 5

- Cholinergic agonist

- #1 tx for glaucoma
- excessive sweating and salivation

Back 5

Pilocarpine

Front 6

- Cholinergic agonist

- Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relieves intraocular pressure

Back 6

Carbechol

Front 7

- Cholinergic agonist

- selective for M3 receptors so can increase salivation w/o sweating

Back 7

Cevimeline

Front 8

- Cholinesterase inhibitor

- Binds reversibly
- IV
- Dx of myasthenia gravis
- drug titration
- strength increases to a point, then decreases
- short action

Back 8

Edrophonium

Front 9

- Cholinesterase inhibitor

- No CNS penetration
- tx:
- myasthenia gravis
- post op
- neurogenic ileus
- Reverse NMJ block

Back 9

Neostigmine

Front 10

- Cholinesterase inhibitor

- Early tx organophosphate poisoning

CI: carbamates

Back 10

Pralidoxime (2 PAM)

Front 11

- Cholinesterase inhibitor
- Alzheimers tx drug
- severely hepatotoxic

Back 11

Donepezil

Front 12

- Cholinesterase inhibitor

- instill directly into eye
- CNS penetration (x's BBB)

tx:
- glaucoma
- atropine poisoning

Back 12

Physoostigmine

Front 13

MOA: Prevent breakdown of ACH in NMJ by inhibiting cholinesterase

- SE: prolonged stim of N receptors may result in desensitization)

Back 13

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 14

- Cholinesterase inhibitor

- given directly into the eye
- long acting

tx:
- emergency glaucoma tx

Back 14

Echothiophate

Front 15

- Cholinergic antagonists
- Selective M3
- Tx: overactive bladder

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 15

Tolterodine, Solifenacin

Front 16

- Cholinergic antagonists

- Short acting mydriasis (pupil dilation) & cycloplegia (cilliary paralysis) for eye examination

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 16

Tropicamide, Hoatropin

Front 17

- Anticholinergic
- Adjunct Anesthesia drug

- early MI to decrease bradycardia or AV block
- cholinesterase inhibitor posining

SE:
- ↑pupil dilation
- cycloplegia (loss of acomadation)
- ↓airway secretion
- ↓gastric acid secretion
- ↓GI motility
- ↓urgency in cystitis
- ↑body temp (due to ↓sweating)

Other SE(dose- dependent):
dry mouth/skin leads to↑HR leads to blurred vision/ palpitations leads to GI effects leads to Delirium, Think “Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter”

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 17

Atropine

Front 18

- Anticholinergic
- Parkinsons tx drug

- decreases extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 18

Benzotropine

Front 19

- Cholinergic antagonist

- Patch tx for motion sickness
- CNS penetration

SE:
- Sedation/Amnesia

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 19

Scopalamine

Front 20

- competitive antagonists
CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 20

Cholinergic antgonists

Front 21

- Anticholinergic
- Antidiarrheal

- Combo of opiod & atropine to treat diarrhea

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 21

Diphenoxylate atropine

Front 22

- Anticholinergic
- GI antispasmodic

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 22

Dicyclomine

Front 23

- Cholinergic antagonist
- prevents bladder spasm after prostate surgery

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 23

Oxybutynin

Front 24

- Anticholinergic
- "other" Bronchodilator

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 24

Ipratropium

Front 25

- Anticholinergic
- Adjunct anesthesia drug
- GI antispasmodic

- Used in surgery to decrease vagal response
- decreases side effects in tx of Myasthenia gravis

CI:
- narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH

Back 25

Glycopyrrolate

Front 26

- Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
- Histamine release leads to hypotension & bronchospasm

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 26

D-Tubocurarine

Front 27

- Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
- Valag blockade & tachycardia

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 27

Pancuronium

Front 28

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 28

Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

Front 29

- Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
- Intubation (rapid onset)

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 29

Rocuronium

Front 30

Vecuronium
- Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
- Liver metabolism
- duration of 20-40 minutes

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 30

Vecuronium

Front 31

- Non depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
- Most commonly used (least toxic)

Use:
- surgery for paralysis (reverse w/ neostigmine or edrophonium)

Back 31

Cistaracurium

Front 32

- initial stimulation & contraction leads to blockade
- Rapid procedures
- Phase I (prolonged depolarization; NO reversal w/AchE inhibition makes it worse)
- Phase 2 (AchE inhibition works)

SE:
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperkalemia (excess K release leads to cardiac arrest in burn/trauma patients)
- muscle pain

Back 32

Depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker (Succinylcholine)

Front 33

- Ganglion blocker

- Nicotinic agonist effects like blocking both sympathetic & parasympathetic input

Back 33

Hexamethonium

Front 34

- Ganglion blocker

- x's BBB (CNS penetration)
- blocks nicotinic receptors
- causes sedation & tremor

Back 34

Mecamylamine

Front 35

- catecholamine

dose dependent effects:
- Low dose selective for b1
- High dose for all adrenergic receptors

Tx:
- anaphylactic shock
- cardiac arrest & complete heart block
- glaucoma

Effects:
-↑Systolic, ↓Diastolic, no change in MAP, ↑ Pulse Pressure, reflex ↑HR (due to ↓ diastolic)

CI: in patients on beta blockers

Back 35

Epinephrine

Front 36

- Catecholamine
- Tx of Astham & COPD

- B1 & 2 agonist
- Emergency tx of cardiac arrest
- positive inotropic & chronotropic effects
- Doesn't affect blood vessels (mainly alpha)

SE:
- No change/slight decrease in systolic, ↓diastolic, ↓MAP, reflex ↑HR

Back 36

Isoproterenol

Front 37

- Catecholamine

- stimulate α=ß1>>ß2
- severe vasoconstriction at infusion site leads to necrosis
- doesnt' affect the lung (mainly Beta2)

Tx:
- Hypotension

Effects:
- ↑systolic, ↑diastolic ↑ MAP, no change in PP reflex ↓HR (ganglion blockers stop reflex bradycardia)

Back 37

Norepinephrine

Front 38

- Alpha1 slective agonist
- use in hypotensive emergency

Effects:
- mydrasis
- Nasal decongestant
- contracts prostate & GU sphincters

Back 38

Phenylephrine

Front 39

- Selective alpha 2 agonist
- Migraine tx also

- transdermal patch
- Tx for HTN
- decreases cravings in addicts
- decreases hot flashes

Back 39

Clonidine

Front 40

- Alpha agonist
- Decongestant

Back 40

Pseudoephedrine

Front 41

- Selective alpha 2 agonist
used

- Used in eye to tx intraocular pressure by decreasing fluid

Back 41

Apraclonidine

Front 42

- increases production of aqueous humor so increases intraocular pressure therefore would be CI in glaucoma

Back 42

Beta 2 agonists

Front 43

- Selective Beta 2 agonist
- Asthma tx drug

- Relaxes skeletal mm blood vessels
- Promotes K uptake
- Shorter acting

Back 43

Albuterol

Front 44

- selective Beta1 agonist

- Inotropic & chronotropic effects
- used in a cardiac stress test
- can increase renin release

Back 44

Dobutamine

Front 45

- Selective Bet 2 agonist

- Reduces premature uterine contractions

Back 45

Ritrodine

Front 46

- "Other" adrenergic stimulant

MOA: Releases stored catecholamines

uses:
- nasal decongestant
- urinary incontinence
- hypotension

Back 46

Ephedrine

Front 47

- "other" adrenergic stimulant
- CNS stimulant

Uses : narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

MOA: Releases stored catecholamines, blocks reuptake

SE:
- tachycardia, HTN, psychosis

Back 47

Amphetamine

Front 48

- Adrenergic stimulant
- acts as catecholamine releasing agent
- No CNS penetration
- Monamine compound

CI: w/ MAOI's

Back 48

Tyramine

Front 49

- "other" adrenergic stimulant
- CNS stimulant
- Similar to amphetamine
- kids w/ ADD

Uses : narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

MOA: Releases stored catecholamines, blocks reuptake

SE:
- tachycardia, HTN, psychosis

Back 49

Methyphenidate (Ritalin)

Front 50

- Adrenergic stimulant
- CNS stimulant
- local anesthetic (esther)

- inhibits re-uptake of DA and NE
- addicting
- causes HTN, stroke in youngins

Back 50

Cocaine

Front 51

- dopamine agonist
- sympathomimetic
- NT
- Low dose activates D1 receptors
- High dose activates beta 1 receptors on heart
- Used to tx cardiac shock w/out vasoconstriction

Back 51

Dopamine

Front 52

- slective D1 agonist

- dilation of vascular bes
- used for rapid tx of severe HTN

Back 52

Fenoldopam

Front 53

- Alpha blocker
- reversible competitive antagonist
- used to tx pt on MAOI who ingests tyramine (HTN crisis)

SE:
- release of histamine from mast cells = gastric acid secretion which leads to peptic ulcer disease

Back 53

Phentolamine

Front 54

- Alpha 2 selective blocker
-increases NE release
- acts opposite Clonidine

Back 54

Yohimbine

Front 55

- Alpha blocker
- Irreversible non competitive antagonist
- used to tx pheochromocytoma before surgery

SE:
- Hypotension & tachycardia

Back 55

Phenoxybenzamine

Front 56

- Selective for alpha 1
- lack of alpha 2 blockade reduces likelihood of reflex tachycardia
- used to tx BPH & HTN

Toxicity:
- 1st dose can cause orthostatic hypotension

CI: w/ viagra

Back 56

Azosins (Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin)

Front 57

- Selective alpha 1 blocker
- similar to Tamsulosin but causes dizziness
- used to tx BPH w/ little effect on blood pressure

SE:
- decreased ejaculation

Back 57

Alufzosin

Front 58

- Selective alpha 1 blocker
- used to tx BPH w/ little effect on blood pressure

SE:
- decreased ejaculation

Back 58

Tamsulosin

Front 59

- Non slelective competitive beta antagonist
- Migraine drug
- Thyroid drug

Tx:
- HTN
- post MI
- Migraines
- Angina
- Arrhtmias
- CHF
- Hyperthyroidism

CI:
- abrupt discontinuation of drug (due to upregulation of receptors)

Back 59

Propanolol

Front 60

- Selective Beta 1 antagonist w/ Intrinsic sympathetic activity
- decreases risk of bradycardia

Back 60

Acebutolol

Front 61

- Intrinsic Sympathetic activity non selective Beta blocker
- used to tx HTN & angina

Back 61

Pindolol

Front 62

- Cardioselective beta blockers
- B1 blockers
- inc. life post MI
- decrease renin
- better exercise tolerance
- risky in asthma(Use Ca++ channel blkrs in asthmatics)

Back 62

Metoprolol, Atenolol

Front 63

- Most selective Beta 1 blocker
- Nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect
- reduces cholesterol, TG’s and blood glucose

Back 63

Nebivolol

Front 64

- B1 blocker

Tx:
- glaucoma in asthmatics
- HTN & angina

Back 64

Betaxolol

Front 65

- B1 blocker
- very short duration of action
- given IV
- for when you are unsure if pt can handle beta blockers

Back 65

Esmolol

Front 66

- Beta blocker & Alpha 1 blocker
- CHF drug
- decreases free radicals

Tx:
- HTN/ CHF
- post-MI

Back 66

Carvedilol

Front 67

- Blocks Beta & alpha 1 receptors
- IV tx of HTN emergency

SE:
- Liver injury

Back 67

Labetalol