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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social pubertal inhibition
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Found in monogamous prairie and pine voles, males emit pheromone to inhibit puberty in litter, reduce aggression
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Aggression
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Overt behavior with the intention of causing damage or unpleasantness upon another individual
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Two sub-types of human aggression
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Controlled- instrumental subtype: psychopathic, not mediated by hormones
Reactive-impulsive subtype: mediated by hormones |
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Challenge Hypothesis
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Androgen levels are elevated and associated with aggressive behavior only when intermale competition is high
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Sandpipers
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Sex Role Reversal
Females compete for male attention, more aggressive than males, males incubate eggs |
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Red Deer
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Fight over real estate during intermale competition for territory, best space for mating with females
Directly, females choose the male with the best territory, indirectly, choosing aggressive behavior |
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Region of brain associated with aggressive behavior
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Amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
Olfactory in rodents Orbital frontal cortex (OFC) inhibits aggressive behavior |
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Garcia effect
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Found a 1-time learning of taste aversion, previously thought to be a multiple-time learning mechanism
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Isotonic
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Concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell are the same
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Hypertonic
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Concentration of solutes is greater outside the cells
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Hypotonic
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Concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell
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Uses of aldosterone
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Steroid hormone which...
- Acts in brain to induce sodium hunger - Acts in kidney to increase sodium retention - Constricts blood vessels, increased blood pressure |
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Hyperglycemia
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High blood sugar, happens in the absence of insulin
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Type 1 Diabetes
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Heritable, can't make insulin
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Type 2 Diabetes
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Body becomes insensitive to insulin
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Glycogen
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Glucose converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle
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Fatty acids
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Food can be broken down to fatty acids (fuel not for the brain)
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Triglycerides
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Fatty acids can combine with glycerol to form triglycerides
Stored in adipose tissue |
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Epinephrine
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Stimulates breakdown of glycogen and triglycerides
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Glycagon
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(Alpha cells) breaks down glycogen
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Glucocorticoids
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Breaks down glycogen
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Glucostatic Hypothesis
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Brain monitors blood glucose levels, when fall below level we become hungry
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Lipostatic Hypothesis
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Brain monitors body fat stores, when we lose fat, we become hungry
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Leptin
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Made in adipocytes, secreted from adipose tissue
Increases satiety |
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Zucker Rats
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Found to have a mutation of leptin receptor, super fat
When receptors were fixed, effects reversed |
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Ghrelin
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Produced by stomach, rise before meals, falls after
Increases hunger |
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Dual Center Hypothesis
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LH is center for hunger, VMH is center for satiety
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ADME
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Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination
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Homeotherms
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Temperature regulation through internal systems
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Poikilotherms
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Temperature regulation through behavior
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