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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the urinary system?
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Maintain equilibrium by excretion of urine
Detoxify blood Regulate blood pressure Balance pH, minerals, iron, and salt |
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How does urine develop?
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Blood enters the KD via renal artery and branches into the interlobar arteries
They turn into afferent arterioles which carry blood into the glomerulus of the nephron The glomerulus filters blood Waste is excreted in urine Useful substances are reabsorbed |
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What is the nephron and what does it consist of?
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The functional unit of the kindey
Renal corspuscle proximal and distal convulted tubule Henle's loop collecting tubule |
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Adult Kidney
Ureters Distended Urinary Bladder Wall Female Urethra Male Urethra |
9-12 X 4-6 X 2.5-4
28-34cm (l) 6mm (w) 3-6mm 4cm length 20cm length |
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Normal BUN level and what it represents
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26mg/dl (normal renal function)
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Normal Creatinine level and what it represents
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1.1mg/dl (normal renal function)
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Elevation of BUN and Cr could mean:
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Renal disease
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Hormones that affect the kidney
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Aldosterone-increases salt and water reabsorbtion
Renin-maintains BP ADH-increases water reabsorption |
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Filtration takes place in the:
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Renal cortex
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Reabsorbtion takes place in the:
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Medulla
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Function of the medullary pyramids
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To convey urine to the calyces
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How urine is transported to the renal sinus
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Minor calyces convey urine to the major calyces
They then dump urine into the renal sinus |
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How much blood does the KD filter?
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1200ml blood/minute
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How much urine does the KD produce and what is it made up of?
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150ml urine/day
95% water 5% nitrogenous waste and inorganic salts |
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What is in nitrogenous waste?
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Byproducts of metabolism
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Which two lab tests measure nitrogenous waste?
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BUN and Cr
(measure the bodys ability to get rid of waste) |
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What does the specific gravity test do?
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Assesses the ability to concentrate urine-it shows how much dissolved material is present in the KD
High=more dissolved solutes in urine |
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Specific Gravity
RBC in urine WBC in urine |
Dehydration
renal trauma, calculi, infarction renal infection |
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Preteinuria
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glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis
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BUN
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Renal failure, obstructive uropathy, dehydration, hemorrhage
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Creatinine
Albumin |
Renal failure
Renal disease |
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6 protective mechanisms
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Decrease renal capillary bed resistance
Move blood outer to inner cortex Makes erythropoitin Makes renin Secretes aldostereone ADH |
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What are the ureters?
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Tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder (a temp. storage for the urine until it is excreted through the urethra)
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What is the true capsule?
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A protective covering that surrounds the renal cortex
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Urologist
Nephrologist Radiologist |
surgical diseases of the urinary system
Medical diseases of the KD Diagnostic interpretation |
