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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pleasure principle
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cling to false notions of themselves
DA plays role |
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Neurological disorders
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1. genetic error (Huntington's)
2. progressive cell death (Parkinson's) 3. rapid cell death (stroke, brain injury) 4. loss of neural connections (MS) |
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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high levels amino acid b/c defect in enzyme
severe retardation (treatable) |
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How to ID behav disorders
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MRI & PET
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treatments for disorders
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- neurosurgical
- pharmacological - electrophysiological - behavioral |
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Neurosurgical
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alter brain act
1. damage dysfunct area 2. stim area w/electodes |
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deep brain stimulation (DBS)
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electrode in globus pallidus/subthalamic nuc...controlled by patient
ex. Park: normal move. |
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electrophysiological treatments
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- ECT
- TMS |
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transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
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less drastic, precise (vs ECT)
used for depress & schizo |
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pharmacological treatments
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neuroleptic & antianxiety
(led revoltion) (-): fatigue, less sex drive * some motor disturbance |
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Tardive dyskinesia
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can't stop tongue from moving
(side effect of neuroleptics) |
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Behavioral treatments
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- Behavioral therapy
- Cognitive therapies - Psychotherapy |
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Factors traumatic brain injury
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- age (kids/elderly)
- sex (M 15-30) |
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Behavioral results from brain injury
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1. discrete: loss of funct mediate by cortex @ coup
2. general: impair widspread trauma |
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magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
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identify changes in specific markers of neuronal functioning
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cognitive recovery time (injury)
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6-9 mo
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ischemia
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lack of blood to brain due to stroke
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effects of stroke
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1. Δ ionic balance & pH of memb
2. release glutamate...open Ca 3. 2ndary mess 4. tissue inflammed & swollen 5. neural shock - diaschisis |
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diaschisis
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temporary arrest of function
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treatments for stroke
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- restore blood flow
- tissue plasminogen activator (clot-busting) - neuroprotectants (try block poststroke events) |
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symptomatic seizure
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specific cause
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idiopathic seizure
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spontaneous
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syptoms of seizure
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1. aura
2. loss of consciousness 3. motor component |
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focal seizures
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start @ focus...spread out
- Jacksonian focal seizures - complex partial seizures |
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Jacksonian focal seizures
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start from focus in neocortex representing region
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complex partial seizures
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start in temporal lobe
I. subjective experience II. automatisms III. catatonic |
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generalized seizures
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No focal onset
- grand mal seizure ("big bad") - petit mal seizure ("little bad") |
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grand mal ("big bad")
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stages:
1. tonic stage 2. clonic stage(rhythmic shaking) 3. postseizure postictal depression |
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petit mal ("little bad")
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brief, only extra movement blink, turn head, roll eyes
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treatment of seizures
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- anticonvulsant
- stabalize neuronal membrane |
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Multiple sclerosis
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damaged myelin & connected axons
- lesions around lateral ven - common in W |
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autoimmune disease
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antibodies for own body
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horror autotoxia
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immune sys. attack itself
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neurodegenerative disorders
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1. dementia
2. Alzheimer's 3. Parkinson's |
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dementia
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intellectual impairment
- nondegenerative (diverse causes:PTS, drug) - degenerative (degree genetic:Alz & Park) |
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Parkinson's disease
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degen. of substantia nigra & low DA
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Parkinson's disease
(+ symptoms) |
1. tremor
2. rigidity 3. involuntary move. (akathesia "cruel restlessness" sml invol. move) |
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Parkinson's disease
(- symptoms) |
1. Disorder of posture
2. righting 3. locomotion 4. Disturbed speech 5. Akinesia: slow move, blank |
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treatment of Park
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- ↑ act. DA synap
- ↓ act. structs. that ↑ act in absence of DA - surgical: ↓ act of globus pallidis (ex DBS) |
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Lewy body
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form in cytoplasm from abnorm neurofilament metabolism
- linked to Park & neurodegen |
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Diagnosing Schizophrenia
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1. distort reality
2. hallucination 3. disorg. speech 4. disorg. behav 5. catatonic 6. (-) symptoms |
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classifying schizo
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- Type I: (+)
(dopaminergic dysfunct. good prognosis & response Rx) - Type II (-) (poor prognosis & response Rx) |
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neuroanatomical correlates of schizo
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hippo neurons haphazard organization
- temp lobe, Broca's, Wernicke's, etc |
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neurobio of depression
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antidepres. ↑ NE & 5HT
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anxiety disorders
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- stressful early development
Treatment: SSRIs, CBT (cog-behav therapy) |
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HPA axis
(hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system) |
production/release of hormones related to stress
- abnorm : oversecretion cortisol - treat w/SSRIs |
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HPA axis pathway
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- hypo secrete corticotrophin releasing hormone
- pituitary → ACTH - adrenal medulla → cortisol |
