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71 Cards in this Set

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How Naval Meteorology and Oceanography supports the Information Dominance mission
Provide Bathymetry and Hydrography (Bathy/Hydro), Precise Time and Astrometry (PTA) products and services enabling effective decision–making, operational safety, war–fighting success, and security cooperation.
Define Battle Space on Demand (BonD)
Strategy optimizing Navy’s sea power providing tailored decision–support products to exploit the physical environment to their tactical, operational and strategic advantage.
Battle Space on Demand – Tier 0
The Data Layer (Tier 0) – output is a collection of raw observation data.
Battle Space on Demand – Tier 1
The Environment Layer (Tier 1) – predictions of the expected physical environment for whatever operation is under consideration, with a confidence factor.
Battle Space on Demand – Tier 2
The Performance Layer (Tier 2) – impact assessment, situational awareness, with a confidence factor.
Battle Space on Demand – Tier 3
The Decision Layer (Tier 3) – decision recommendation with courses of action (COAs), to provide the most advantage to your forces and the most disadvantages to the enemy.
Define Navy Enterprise Portal (NEP–Oc)
Navy Enterprise Portal – Oceanography (NEP–Oc) is a single access point for all METOC web–accessible information on the NIPRNet and SIPRNet.
Which NMOC commands provide "Maritime Support" and where are those commands
Provided by the Fleet Weather Center (FWC), Norfolk and FWC San Diego.
FWC Norfolk supports operations in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and Arctic Fleet Operations AORs.
FWC San Diego supports operations in the 3rd and 7th FLT AORs.
What is the Mission of METOC maritime support
- enable fleet safety and readiness through accurate and timely weather forecasts, warnings and recommendations.
Maritime Support products
(6)
Optimum Track Ship Routing - OTSR Route Surveillance Message – weather advisory service for safety and damage avoidance issued upon MOVREP request.
OTSR Divert Recommendation – when conditions are forecast to exceed ship's limits of wind or seas.
OTSR Route Recommendation – considers ship's limits, operational constraints, currents, icebergs, time/fuel savings – must be requested 72 hours before getting underway.
Special Weather Advisory – FWC, Norfolk – issued 72+ hours in advance for prolonged periods of heavy weather in high–traffic areas.
WEAX – Enroute Weather Forecast – tailored weather and sea state forecast along a unit's Points of Intended Movement (PIM), normally produced once daily, includes a 24–hour forecast and 48–hour winds/seas outlook.
OPAREA Forecasts – produced once daily for major operating areas, includes a 24–hour forecast and 48–hour outlook.
NMOC's Fleet Operations Mission
Fleet Operations provide timely, comprehensive and tactically relevant METOC products and services in direct support of deploying units.
Fleet Weather Center (FWC) Norfolk and FWC San Diego – deploy Strike Group Oceanography Teams (SGOTs) – which may deploy smaller Mobile Environmental Teams (METs).
Strike Group Oceanography Team (SGOT)
– CVN and LHA/D class ships.
– organic METOC support who augment OA Division and assist in warfighter mission planning.
– coordinate with Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) forecasters providing comprehensive support.
SGOT consists of:
Aerographer’s Mate (AG) Chief
three AG Forecasters (NEC 7412)
four AG Apprentice Forecasters (NEC 0000)
Mobile Environmental Teams (METs)
– Other ship classes besides CVN and LHA/D.
– organic METOC support who assist in mission planning:
one AG Forecaster
one AG Apprentice Forecaster
Based on prioritization:
1) JTF–Civil Support, Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) Missions
2) Flag Staff, Maritime Headquarters, Major Fleet Exercise, and Surge Operations Support
3) Maritime Security Operations and Theater Security Cooperation Support
4) United States Coast Guard (USCG) Support
5) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support
Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) and Target Acquisition Weapons Software (TAWS)
– tactical decision aids that act as reach back support for ships without METOC personnel provided by FWC Norfolk and FWC San Diego.
METOC support for 3rd and 7th FLT AORs provided by.
FWC San Diego
METOC support for 2nd, 4th, 6th, and all Arctic Fleet AORs provided by.
FWC Norfolk
METOC support for 5th FLT AOR provided by.
Based on the origin of the afloat unit deploying to that AOR – but Fleet Operations personnel may be deployed from either FWC to support any mission, anywhere, at any time.
FWC Norfolk and FWC San Diego will coordinate Reserve Component (RC) support with.
– their respective Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Reserve Activity (NMORA) and the Fleet Operations Reserve Deputy Director of Oceanographic Operations (RDDOO).
Which NMOC commands provide “Aviation Support” and where are those commands.
Aviation weather support is provided by:
Fleet Weather Center (FWC), Norfolk, VA with an aviation detachment located in Sembach, Germany.
Fleet Weather Center, San Diego with aviation detachments located in Atsugi, Japan and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
AOR's of NMOC “Aviation Support” commands
FWC Norfolk supports centralized aviation weather forecasting for Texas and all areas east of the Mississippi River.
FWC San Diego supports west of the Mississippi River, excluding Texas.
FWC AVN Det Atsugi, FWC AVN Det Pearl Harbor and FWC AVN Det Sembach provide OCONUS support.
Name the Marine Corps METOC Centers and where are those commands.
The Marine Corps operates two Marine Corps Installation (MCI) Regional METOC Centers (RMC) for CONUS Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) support.
Supports the east coast of the United States – MCI–East RMC
Supports the west coast of the United States – MCI–West RMC
Aviation support products (3)
Flight Weather Briefing – required for pilots by OPNAVINST 3710.7 (series) and provides weather information for the departure point, route–of–flight, destination(s), and alternate destination(s).
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) – 24–hour forecast for each Naval Air Station in accordance with NAVMETOCCOMINST 3143.1 sent to the national meteorological database made available to forecasters and pilots.
Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System (OPARS) – flight planning service to the Naval Aviation community.
Program with a fuel load and cargo combination entered into OPARS with the recommended route/altitude profile – just fill out a DD form, check with duty weather forecaster, file the flight plan, and head out to the aircraft.
Resource Protection
Resource Protection (RP) – monitoring and dissemination of weather products enabling informed decisions to protect Navy resources.
Resource Protection products (8)
Thunderstorm Watch (T2) – destructive wind and thunderstorms 25 Nautical Miles or expected within 6 hours. Associated lightning/thunder, torrential rain, hail, severe downbursts, and sudden wind shifts are possible – appropriate state of readiness on short notice.
Thunderstorm Warning (T1) – 10 NM or expected within 1 hour, take immediate safety precautions and shelter.
Severe Thunderstorm Watch (Severe T2) – wind gusts greater than 50 knots, hail greater than 3/4" and/or tornadoes, within 25 NM, or within 6 hours – state of readiness on short notice.
Severe Thunderstorm warning (Severe T1) – gusts greater than 50 knots, hail more than 3/4" and/or tornadoes, within 10 NM, or within 1 hour – take immediate safety precautions and shelter.
Small Craft Warning – sustained 18–33 knot winds for harbors and inland waters.
Gale Warning – sustained 34–47 knot winds for harbors, inland waters, ocean areas, airfields and installations.
Freezing Precipitation Advisory – up to 1/4" accumulation.
Freezing Precipitation Warning – greater than 1/4" accumulation.
Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (COR) (5)
Condition V (COR 5) – destructive winds possible in 96 hours.
Condition IV (COR 4) – trend indicates in 72 hours, review weather implementation plans.
Condition III (COR 3) – destructive winds possible in 48 hours, take precautions.
Condition II (COR 2) – destructive winds in 24 hours, take precautions on short notice.
Condition I (COR 1) – destructive winds are occurring or anticipated in 12 hours, take final precautions.
NMOC Tsunami support
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – provides tsunami information support to all DoD assets and is the Subject Matter Expert (SME) and operational liaison to National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) for all Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NMOC).
Providing tsunami–related BonD Tier 3 decision support for DoD areas of interest.
NMOC Tsunami Support Products
Tsunami Warning - when tsunami with significant widespread inundation is imminent or expected, based on seismic information.
Tsunami Advisory - potential tsunami exists may produce strong currents.
Tsunami Watch - alert emergency management officials and public that may later impact the watch area, seismic information without confirmation that destructive tsunami is underway.
Tsunami Information Statement - inform emergency management officials and the public that an earthquake has occurred, or that a tsunami warning, watch or advisory has been issued for another section of the ocean.
Define NMOC’s Precise Time and Astrometry (PTA) support and who provides.
Precise Time and Astrometry (PTA) Directorate provides positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) operations, provided by the United States Naval Observatory (USNAVOBSY), located in Washington, D.C.
United States Naval Observatory (USNAVOBSY)
Possesses a Master Clock which serves as the country’s official time keeper - the sole provider of Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) for all DoD services.
Identify various Safety of Navigation Support products and services NMOC provides.
Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO)
– located at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi collocated with subordinate command, Fleet Survey Team (FST).
– bathymetric and hydrographic data used by the National Geospatial–Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) to produce navigation–quality charts.
– Fleet Survey Team (FST) can produce navigation products for short–term use by U.S. Navy vessels when neither NGA nor NOAA can meet immediate operational requirements.
Define NMOC’s oceanographic and hydrographic survey capabilities.
T–AGS are a multi–purpose OCEAN SURVEY ship and the primary survey asset.
Other survey assets – Airborne Coastal Survey (ACS) and Fleet Survey Team (FST).
Discuss the following standard hydrographic survey units.
– Multi Purpose Oceanographic Survey Ships (T–AGS) have deployable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) collecting data from depths of 60 to 6000 meters.
– Airborne Coastal Survey (ACS) utilizes integrated Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)/imaging system to produce seamless coastal charts and maps.
– Fleet Survey Team (FST) is The Primary Collection Platform a fully outfitted, C–130–transportable, rigid hull inflatable boat (RHIB) equipped with hydrographic sensors which allow rapid collection, analysis and dissemination of shallow water bathymetric data, providing qualitative information to ensure safe ship–to–shore movement.
NMOC’s Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) support/mission
– to provide Environmental support through (SCIF) capable units in NAVMETOCCOM like Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FLENUMMETOCCEN), the Naval Ice Center (NAVICE), and the Naval Maritime Forecast Center/Joint Typhoon Warning Center Pearl Harbor (NMFC/JTWC PH).
– METOC professionals also at Intelligence Community (IC) commands like Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), National Geospatial–Intelligence Agency (NGA), National Security Agency (NSA), and the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI).
Identify NMOC’s Expeditionary Warfare (EXW) support.
Expeditionary capabilities and capacity of NAVMETOCCOM – support four main warfighting forces:
– Naval Special Warfare Forces
– Navy Expeditionary Combat Command Units
– Amphibious Warfare Units
– Marine Air–Ground Task Forces
Where is the Naval Oceanography Special Warfare Center (NOSWC)
Located in San Diego, California has detachments in:
– Norfolk, Virginia
– Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
– Stennis Space Center, Mississippi
– Dam Neck, Virginia
Where can NOSWC personnel or Embedded METOC personnel (EM) be found and what are they.
– SEAL Team Support
– Special Boat Team
– SEAL Delivery Vehicle
Embedded METOC personnel (EM) conduct environmental reconnaissance (ER) and fuse tailored METOC data and forecasts to enable mission planning and execution – specifically they provide mission planning recommendations regarding:
(1) gear selection
(2) route planning
(3) timeline execution
(4) actions at the objective
(5) sensor emplacement
(6) platform selection
Difference between Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and Fleet Numerical Meteorology Oceanography Center (FLENUMMETOCCEN).
Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) – ocean prediction, oceanographic, hydrographic, bathymetric, and geophysical data and derived products.
Fleet Numerical Meteorology Oceanography Center (FLENUMMETOCCEN) – meteorological support.
Identify NMOC’s Anti–Submarine Warfare (ASW) support (3) and where those commands are located.
ASW Reachback Cell (RBC)
Naval Oceanography ASW Teams (NOATS)
Naval Oceanography ASW Detachments (NOADS)
These components fall under two Echelon V commands:
Naval Oceanography ASW Center (NOAC), Stennis Space Center (SSC)
Naval Oceanography ASW Center (NOAC), Yokosuka, Japan
ASW Reachback Cell (ASW RBC)
Centralized, 24x7, support cell provides detailed environmental analysis and modeling.
Naval Oceanography ASW Teams (NOATs)
Typically 2 to 3 experts in environmental analysis for on–scene forecasting and planning.
NOAC Stennis teams support CONUS–based carrier strike group staffs through workups, deployments and major exercises in the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 6th Fleets.
NOAC Yokosuka teams support forward deployed naval forces and CTF–74, CTF–72, CTF–57, CTF–54, and CDS–15 planning.
Naval Oceanography ASW Detachments (NOADs)
Provide support to NMAWC in mentoring and assessing in the Fleet Readiness Training Plan (FRTP).
ASW Reach Back Cell support products (7)
– Tactical Oceanographic Assessment (TOA)
– Tactical Oceanographic Features Assessment (TOFA)
– Acoustic Grid Analysis (AGA)
– Performance Surface Map (PSMAP)
– Water Sampling Plan (WSP)
– Critical Factors Chart (CFC)
– Critical Features Assessment (CFA)
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Tactical Oceanographic Assessment (TOA)
An area assessment created in Global Information System (GIS) shows sonic layer depth, cutoff frequency, depth excess and bathymetry.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Tactical Oceanographic Features Assessment (TOFA)
Characterization assessment of ocean features with Gulfstream and Cold Core/Warm Core Eddies.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Acoustic Grid Analysis (AGA)
Grid Acoustic Transmission Loss for ASW Operational planning.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Performance Surface Map (PSMAP)
Tactical recommendations based on acoustic conditions.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Water Sampling Plan (WSP)
Plan for reducing ocean uncertainty.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Critical Factors Chart (CFC)
Static oceanographic features.
ASW Reach Back Cell support product – Critical Features Assessment (CFA)
Scene–setter from climate and other static databases.
NMOWC’s Mine Warfare (MIW) and Mine Countermeasures (MCM) support.
Naval Oceanography Mine Warfare Center (NOMWC) located at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi.
Naval Oceanography Mine Warfare Center (NOMWC) operational support elements (4)
– Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Platoon
– MIW Reach Back Cell (MIW–RBC)
– MIW–RBC Surge Team
– NOMWC Embedded Components
Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Platoon
– test and evaluate new technology for both Surface Mine Countermeasures (SMCM) and Underwater Mine Countermeasures (UMCM) providing MCM baseline and tactical surveys for mine hunting capability.
– provide Post–Mission Analysis (PMA) from sonar imagery for initial tactical contact calls.
– develop Re–acquisition (RI) missions on high–confidence contacts.
MIW Reach Back Cell (MIW–RBC)
Provide environmental data and planning of tactical METOC assessments to Fleet Mine Warfare (MIW) and Mine Countermeasures (MCM) forces in the form of:
– Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (IPOE) overlays and planning data in Global Information System (GIS) and Mine Warfare and Environmental Decision Aid Library (MEDAL) formats.
– Environmental Data Files tailored to mission operating areas.
– Tailored Tactical and Operational Oceanographic Assessments and METOC modeling support from NAVOCEANO and FLENUMMETOCCEN (e.g., forecasted currents, dive windows and drift models)
– Coordinate NAVOCEANO support for measuring critical MCM oceanographic parameters worldwide.
MIW–RBC Surge Teams
– NOMWC and NAVOCEANO personnel that translate environmental knowledge into tactical advantage, by providing environmental analysis for doctrinal bottom type, water temperature, salinity, underwater visibility, and currents, all of which used as tactical overlays for Battle Space Profiler (BSP) and mission planning.
NOMWC Embedded Components
– Provide METOC expertise.
- act as 'eyes–forward'.
- to ensure optimized support from NOMWC’s other support elements.
– Collocated with MCM forces in key forward and CONUS locations (San Diego, CA; Norfolk, VA; Sasebo, Japan; and Bahrain).
TDA
Tactical Decision Aids provide a complete picture to commanders for warfare planning and execution.
Environmental Data Assimilation
- locally acquired environmental data from various sources; includes operator-entered surface, radiosonde, refractivity, bathythermograph, and nearshore bathymetry data.
Environmental Analysis
- analyses of existing environmental conditions affecting air, surface, amphibious, and USW operations.
These analyses are provided by atmospheric, meteorological, and oceanographic application programs.
The analyzed data is presented in the form of graphic and tabular displays, which can also be hardcopied and used for performance predictions and briefings.
Sensor Detection Range and Coverage Prediction
- acoustic and electromagnetic sensor range predictions based on oceanographic and meteorological environmental profiles.
Output is used for detection and counter detection of threat and force platforms.
Seamount
- submerged, isolated, pinnacled mountains rising 3000ft or more above sea floor.
Atoll
- seamounts or guyots that have broken the surface and coral deposits have built up around rim. Coral forms reef around shallow body of water. (ie. Lagoon)
North Atlantic Gate
- two sets of ridges, one located between Iceland and Greenland, the second between Iceland and England. The ridges have numerous eddies and makes acoustic detection difficult.
What is a Guyot
- submerged, isolated, flat-topped mountains that rise 3000ft or more above sea floor.
Sill
- elevated parts of the sea floor that partially separate ocean basins, restricts movement of the bottom water masses and results in their partial or total isolation.
Trench
- long, narrow, relatively steep depressions, comprising the deepest parts of the ocean.
Ridge
- the last of the ocean provinces. Long, narrow line of undersea mountains.
Volcanic Island
- island created by volcanic activity. Can occur individually or in groups.
How does Underwater Topography affects AOR sea heights.
By affecting the movement of water up and around features - shallow versus deep water, smooth versus steep terrain - affecting sea height.
What are Outside Sources that can Assist in Writing the Local Area Forecast.

FNMOC


NPMOC


FWC Norfolk


FWC San Diego
NIMA/NAVO WSC support through MC&G
- digital map data.
NIMA/NAVO WSC support through DPP
- Digital Point Positioning
- accurately controlled stereo image based product with support data and CADRG (Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics) that is primarily created for targeting.