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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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114.1 Explain how Naval Meteorology and Oceanography supports the Information Dominance mission.
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This corps of professionals will receive extensive training, education, and work experience in information, intelligence, counterintelligence, human-derived information, networks, space, and oceanographic disciplines.
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114.2 Discuss the general mission of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. (NMOC)
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They provide Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC), Bathymetry and Hydrography (Bathy/Hydro), Precise Time and Astrometry (PTA), products and services that enable effective decision-making for operational safety, warfighting success by Naval and Joint forces, and security cooperation.
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114.4 Define Battle Space on Demand (BOND) WRT decision superiority.
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Battlespace on Demand (BonD) - supports the long-range Naval Oceanography strategy for linking environmental data to timely and informed decisions - a key aspect of decision superiority.
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114.5 List the tiers of Battle Space on Demand.
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Tier 0 - The Data Layer
Tier 1 - The Environment Layer Tier 2 - The Performance Layer Tier 3 - The Decision Layer |
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114.5 Discuss the BonD Tier 0 - The Data Layer
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Collection of Data.
Tier 0 consists of data collected while observing the atmosphere and the ocean using a vast range of in-situ sensors and remote sensors, including satellites, altimeters, gliders, buoys, and master clocks. This data is assimilated and fused to provide initial and boundary conditions that accurately describe the current ocean and atmosphere environment, as well as the celestial and temporal reference frames. The output is a collection of raw observation data on the state of the physical environment. |
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114.5 Discuss the BonD Tier 1 - The Environment Layer
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Processing of Tier 0 Data.
In Tier 1, the Tier 0 data are analyzed, processed, and merged into databases and/or prediction systems or numerical models operated on High Performance Computing (HPC) systems to forecast the future state of the environment. The output is a set of predictions, in space and time, of the expected physical environment for whatever operation is under consideration. The output can also contain a ‘confidence factor’. |
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114.5 Discuss the BonD Tier 2 - The Performance Layer
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Predicted environmentals added to Tier 1 Data.
In Tier 2, the predicted environment is used in conjunction with information about the operational environment to predict how forces, sensors, weapons systems, and platforms will perform over time in a given operational situation. This information is analyzed to provide meaning with respect to implications for the operation, such as influences on planning, force structure, targeting, timing, maneuver, tactics, techniques and procedures. The output of this fusion of information about the predicted environment and the friendly and enemy situation is an impact assessment in terms the operator understands, again with a confidence factor if appropriate. Situational awareness is the desired outcome at this level. |
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114.5 Discuss the BonD Tier 3 - The Decision Layer
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Situational Awareness gained in Tier 2 is applied to specific mission or problem set.
In Tier 3, the situational awareness gained in Tier 2 is applied to specific situations to quantify risk and opportunity at strategic, operational, and tactical levels. Here, actionable recommendations are made to the decision-maker regarding force allocation and employment that directly enhance safety and warfighting effectiveness. In Tier 3, the performance predictions made in Tier 2 are considered with alternative scenarios to develop optimal solutions, i.e., courses of action (COAs), and to understand probabilities of success and elements of risk. The intent is to make recommendations that take maximum advantage of asymmetric opportunities in the changing physical environment, to provide the most advantage to our forces, and the most disadvantages to the enemy. The output is a decision recommendation with compelling rationale, based on our best understanding of the physical environment. The decis |
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114.6 Define the Navy Enterprise Portal (NEP-Oc).
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Created as the Naval Oceanography mission extension to the Navy Enterprise Portal. NEP-Oc will serve as a single access point for all METOC web-accessible information on the NIPRNet and SIPRNet.
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114.7 Identify/discuss which NMOC commands provide “Maritime Support” and where those commands are located.
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The mission of METOC maritime support is to enable fleet safety and readiness through accurate and timely weather forecasts, warnings and recommendations.
This support is provided by the Fleet Weather Center (FWC), Norfolk and Fleet Weather Center, San Diego. The typhoon warning functions are provided by Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) Pearl Harbor. FWC Norfolk supports operations in the C2F, C4F, C6F AORs, and Arctic Fleet Operations. FWC San Diego supports operations in the C3F, C5F, and C7F AORs. |
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114.8 Discuss the OTSR Route Surveillance Message
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Issued upon receipt of MOVREP requesting service, it confirms Optimum Track Ship Routing (OTSR) surveillance will be provided.
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114.8 Discuss the OTSR Divert Recommendation
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Issued when conditions are forecast to exceed wind or seas limits as determined by supported unit.
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114.8 Discuss the OTSR Route Recommendation
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- Planning route issued upon request that considers ship’s limits, operational constraints, currents, icebergs, time/fuel savings. Planning routes must be requested 72 hours before getting underway.
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114.8 Discuss the Special Weather Advisory (FWC, Norfolk)
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Issued for prolonged periods of heavy weather in high-traffic areas of the AOR, 72+ hours in advance.
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114.8 Discuss the Enroute Weather Forecast (WEAX)
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A tailored weather and sea state forecast along a unit’s Points of Intended Movement (PIM), MODLOC, or OCONUS port. Requested via the ship’s MOVREP, the WEAX is produced once daily (twice daily for special circumstances or upon request). Disseminated via message traffic or E-mail, the WEAX includes a 24-hour forecast and 48-hour winds/seas outlook.
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114.8 Discuss the OPAREA Forecasts
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Produced once a day for major operating areas, the forecasts are transmitted via message traffic and posted to the NEP-Oc. The product includes a 24-hour forecast and 48-hour outlook.
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114.9 Define/discuss the mission of NMOC’s “Fleet Operations”.
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The mission of Fleet Operations is to provide timely, comprehensive and tactically relevant METOC products and services in direct support of deploying Carrier Strike Group (CSG), Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG), and Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG) Commanders, assigned units, staff and other U.S. and Joint or Coalition forces, as directed.
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114.10 Identify/discuss which NMOC commands provide “Aviation Support” and where those commands are located.
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Aviation weather support is provided by Fleet Weather Center (FWC), Norfolk, VA and Fleet Weather Center, San Diego. FWC Norfolk has an aviation detachment located in Sembach, Germany. FWC San Diego has aviation detachments located in Atsugi, Japan and Pearl Harbor, HI.
The two FWCs and their detachments/components are tasked with providing continuous, global weather support to naval aviation to include Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAFs), Flight Weather Briefings, and Resource Protection to Naval Air Stations and other select Naval Installations. The main hub for centralized aviation weather forecasting for CONUS Naval Air Station support for Texas and all areas east of the Mississippi River is FWC Norfolk. CONUS Naval Air Stations west of the Mississippi River, excluding Texas, are supported primarily by FWC San Diego. FWC AVN Det Atsugi, FWC AVN Det Pearl Harbor and FWC AVN Det Sembach provide OCONUS support. The Marine Corps operates two Marine Corps Installation (MCI) |
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114.11 Discuss the Flight Weather Briefing (DD175-1)
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The flight weather brief is required for pilots by OPNAVINST 3710.7 (series).
The brief provides weather information for the departure point, route-of-flight, destination(s), and alternate destination(s). Accurate and timely Horizontal Weather Depictions (HWDs) and other graphical data to support safety of flight are provided to pilots as needed or upon request. |
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114.11 Discuss the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
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The TAF is a 24-hour forecast for each Naval Air Station which is updated periodically.
TAFs are issued in accordance with NAVMETOCCOMINST 3143.1(series). Amended or corrected TAFs are issued as needed based on changing weather conditions and forecasts. All TAFs are transmitted to the national meteorological database in a timely manner to ensure current and updated information is available to forecasters and pilots. |
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114.11 Discuss the Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System (OPARS)
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The primary purpose of OPARS is to provide a flight planning service to the Naval Aviation community. A recommended customized flight plan is provided by using sophisticated computer programs to analyze the latest environmental forecast data and the most fuel-efficient flight profile for a specific aircraft. OPARS has options to allow the aviator to analyze many of the variables in flight planning. If a known fuel load and cargo combination is entered into OPARS and the recommended route/altitude profile is acceptable, then all that is necessary is to fill out the DD forms, check with the duty weather forecaster, file the flight plan, and head out to the aircraft. When airborne, expected winds and fuel usage are compared with actual flight conditions to evaluate the accuracy of the flight plan and determine if an additional fuel on-load is warranted.
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114.12 Define/discuss Resource Protection WRT Navy METOC and identify the area of responsibility for the appropriate NMOC commands.
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Resource Protection (RP) - includes the monitoring and dissemination of weather products to ensure that installations receive notification of inclement weather, enabling informed decisions to protect Navy resources.
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114.13 Define Thunderstorm Watch (T2)
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Destructive wind and accompanying thunderstorms are within 25 Nautical Miles (NM) or expected within 6 hours. Associated lightning/thunder, torrential rain, hail, severe downbursts, and sudden wind shifts are possible. Take precautions that will permit establishment of an Thunderstorm Watch appropriate state of readiness (T2) on short notice.
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114.13 Define Thunderstorm Warning (T1)
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Destructive wind and accompanying thunderstorms are within 10 NM, or expected within 1 hour. Associated lightning/thunder, torrential rain, hail, severe downbursts, and sudden wind shifts are possible. Take immediate safety precautions and shelter.
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114.13 Define Severe Thunderstorm Watch (T2)
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Severe thunderstorms are defined as having gusts of wind greater than 50 knots, hail with a diameter greater than 3/4” and/or tornadoes. Destructive wind accompanying severe thunderstorms are within 25 NM, or expected within 6 hours. Associated lightning/thunder, torrential rain, hail, severe downbursts,. Sudden wind shifts and tornadic activity are possible. Take precautions that will permit establishment of an appropriate state of readiness on short notice.
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114.13 Define Severe Thunderstorm Warning (T1)
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Severe thunderstorms are defined as having gusts of wind greater than 50 knots, hail with a diameter greater than 3/4” and/or tornadoes. Destructive wind accompanying severe thunderstorms are within 10 NM, or expected within 1 hour. Associated lightning/thunder, torrential rain, hail, severe downbursts, sudden wind shifts and tornadic activity are possible. Take immediate safety precautions and shelter.
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114.13 Define Small Craft Warning
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Sustained wind of 18-33 knots are forecast for harbors and inland waters.
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114.13 Define Gale Warning
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Sustained wind of 34-47 knots are forecast for harbors, inland waters, ocean areas, airfields and installations.
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114.13 Define Freezing precipitation Advisory
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Greater than 1/4” accumulation.
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