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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypoxemia
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partial pressure of oxygen below normal
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respiratory failure
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pO2 < 50 and PCO2 > 50
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what does pulse oximeter read
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oxygen saturation
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pulse oximeter does not read what
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pO2
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orthopnea
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labored resp
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when will you see orthopnea when a patient is laying flat
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CHF
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minute ventilation
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RR X Tidal volume
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when do you hear wheezing
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on expiration
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where is the problem with wheezing on expiration
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lower airway
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when do you heat stridors
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on inspiration
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where is the problem when you hear stridor on inspiration
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upper airway
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signs of respiratory distress in children
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nasal flaring, retractions and grunting
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when do you see barrell shaped chest
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COPD
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extrinsic asthma
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reacation to inhaled or allergic substance
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intrinsic asthma
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respiratory infection
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what is the worry if there is no wheezing
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no air moving at all
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what things should you take note of on a asthma exam
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patient position
mental status RR Retractions accessory muscle use wheezing |
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rescue inhaler
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albeuterol
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long term inhaler
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advair
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status asthamaticus
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not responding
dehydrated exhausted |
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what percent of admissions are for pneumonia
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10%
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who is high risk for pneumonia
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smokers
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the bug that causes most pneumonia
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strep pneumonia
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signs of pneumonia
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fever, chills, cough, pleuritic CP, SOB, anorexia, myalgia, foul-smelling sputum, rust colored sputum
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most common place on x-ray to miss pneumonia
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retrocardiac area
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COPD is more common in what sex
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men
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what do you have to be careful with with COPD patients
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giving O2 acutely
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late sign of CHF
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frothy pink sputum
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signs of CHF on exam
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diaphoretic
JVD rales and wheezes gallop cool extremity |
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signs of CHF on xray
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chephalization of flow
cardiomegaly peripherial edema pleural effusions |
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treatment for CHF
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oxygen
diuretics nitroglycerin BiPAP |
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croup
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inflammation of subglottic tissue in children 6mo-6yrs
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what virus causes croup
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parainfluenza virus
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when is croup the worst
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2nd or 3rd day
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what is sign of croup on xray
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steeple sign
hazy subglottic |
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what causes supraglottis
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heampohilus influenza type B
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cause of retropharyngeal abscess
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strep/staph
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what is the postion of someone with retropharyngeal abcess
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sniffing position
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what is required for diagnosis of sinusitis
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purulent nasal discharge
fever headache 7-10 days of persistent nasal discharge/congestion |
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what is not important in diagnosis of sinusitis
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color of sputum
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do not use decongestants in children under what age
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6 yrs
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what causes bronchioilitis
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RSV
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what are signs of bronchiolitis
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nasal discharge
wheezing, cough |
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what are signs of bronchiolitis on xray
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air trap
infiltrates atelectasis |
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what is a HTN emergency
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evidence of end organ dysfunction
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what is a urgent HTN situation
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elevated BP with harm potential
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what is goal with a urgent HTN situation
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reduce BP in 24 hrs
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mild uncomplicated HTN
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diastolic under 115 no end organ problem
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normotensive adult
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<140 <90
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borderline adult
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140-160 and 90-95
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hypertensive adult
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>160 and >95
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what is rule of thumb with children
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2x age
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emergency treatment for HTN
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IV nitro, nitroprusside, labetalol
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what are platelet levels when you start to get spontaneous bleeds
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< 50K
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what are platelet levels when CNS bleeds are ominous
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5-10K
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when is PT prolonged
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liver disease
coumadin heparin |
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when is PTT prolonged
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8 or 9 low
heparin |
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what is frequency of sickle cell
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8%
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most common problem with sickle cell
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vasoocclusive or thrombotic
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other sickle cell problems
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hemolytic crisis
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signs of GI bleeding
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hematemesis
coffee ground |
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what must you check with GI bleeding
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rectal
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number one cause of upper GI bleeding
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peptic/duodenal ulcer
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mallory weis tear
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tear in esophagus secondary to vomit
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what causes varicies
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long standing portal hypertension from ETOH abuse
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#1 cause of lower GI bleeding
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diverticulosis
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most common cause of lower GI bleeding in children
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anal fissure
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where can diaphragmatic pain be refferred to
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supraclavicular
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upper abdominal pain could be what
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inferior wall MI
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life threatening problems with GI pain
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aortic aneurysm
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most common LUQ pain
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constipation
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psoas shadow
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fluid in belly
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free air in abdomen
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perforation of bowel
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predominant bacteria in UTI
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E coli
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UTI in men > 50 is due to what
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prostatism
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pyuria in young males is what
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STD urethritis
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most common reason for dysuria in young girls
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vulvovaginitis
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most common reason for dysuria in young boys
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meatal stenosis
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