1.1.1 Pre-Midterm Histology - Connective Tissue

Front 1

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Back 1

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Front 2

List the three basic components of connectibe tissue

Back 2

Fibers
Ground substance
Tissue fluid

Front 3

Identify and describe the various cell types found in CT

Back 3

Fibroblasts / Fibrocytes
Adipocytes
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Macrophages
Mast cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Eosinophils
Erythrocytes / Leukocytes
Chondroblasts / Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts / Osteoclasts/ Osteocytes

Front 4

Identify and describe the cell types responsible for the production of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

Back 4

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Fibroblasts - (spindle - shaped) active
Fibrocytes - inactive
Myofibroblasts - wound healing

Front 5

Define Argyrophillic

Back 5

Having a high affinity for silver salts
(i.e. reticular fibers)
Stain with silver stain and with periodic acid-Schiff

Front 6

Describe the formation of collagen and elastic fibers

Back 6

Collagen stages - Procollagen (intracellular), Collagen (extracellular)
Elastic stages - oxytalan(1st), elaunin(2nd), elastic (3rd)

Front 7

List two stains for staining elastic fibers

Back 7

Orcein, resorcin or Verhoeff's

Front 8

List 2 examples of where Type 1, Type II and Type III collagen and elastic fibers are found

Back 8

Collagen:
Type I: scar tissue, skin, tendons, bone, ligament
Type II: Hyaline cartilage - ends of bones, ear
Type III: reticular fibers - organs with large volume changes (spleen, arteries, intestine, testes)
Elastic: Large arteries, elastic cartilage, vocal ligament, bronchi

Front 9

Identify the cell types responsible for the production of ground substance

Back 9

mesenchymal cells (stem cells)

Front 10

Describe the basic chemical composition of ground substance

Back 10

primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins and water

Front 11

State three functions of ground substance

Back 11

Glue - binds cells to fibers
Lubricant - allows ease of motion
Barrier - physical prevention of microorganisms
Tensile strength

Front 12

List types of connective tissue

Back 12

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Front 13

Loose (areolar) CT

Back 13

1. Fills spaces between other tissues -large number of cells
2. Flexible, rich blood supply, not resistant to stress

Front 14

Dense Irregular CT

Back 14

1. Fewer cells, more fibers than loose (areolar) tissue
2. No orientation of collagen fibers -resistance to stress in all directions
3. Organs capsules, periosteum, dermis

Front 15

Dense Regular CT

Back 15

Dense Regular Connective Tissue
1. Specific orientation of collagen fibers
2. Tendons / ligaments

Front 16

Elastic CT

Back 16

1. Elastic fibers -yellow colored
2. Liagmentumflavum, vocal ligament, suspensoryligament of the penis

Front 17

Reticular CT

Back 17

1. Reticular cells (modified fibroblasts) -cytoplasmicextensions cover reticular fibers
2. Framework for myeloid (bone marrow) and lymphoid (lymph nodes, spleen) organs

Front 18

Mucous CT

Back 18

1. Few cells or fibers -mainly ground substance ("jelly"-like)
2. Umbilical cord (Wharton’s jelly)

Front 19

Adipose CT

Back 19

White
Brown

Front 20

Specialized CT

Back 20

1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood

Front 21

Ehler Danlos Syndrome

Back 21

Mutation in genes for collagen I and III

Front 22

Marfan's Syndrome

Back 22

Mutation in Elastin

Front 23

Keloids

Back 23

Large amounts of scar tissue. Type III collagen is replaced by Type I

Front 24

Scurvy

Back 24

Lack of Aspartic Acid (Vit C) to reoxidize Fe3+. Collagen can't form H bonds.

Front 25

Anaphylactic Shock

Back 25

Mast cells release too much histamine and heparin

Front 26

List the component of CT involved in edema.

Back 26

Osmotic pressure