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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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compound composed of C, H, O in a ratio of 1:2:1
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carbohydrate
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monomer of a carbohydrate
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monosaccharide
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example of a carbohydrate monomer
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glucose
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three examples of monosaccharides
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glucose, fructose, galactose
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two sugar monomers covalently bonded
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disaccharide
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example of a disaccharide
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sucrose, made of glucose and fructose bonded
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complex carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides
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polysaccharide
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animal starch
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glycogen
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plant polysaccharide not digested by most animals
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cellulose
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plant polysaccharide that is easily digested by many animals`
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starch
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large organic molecule containing C, H, O, N but not P
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protein
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monomers of proteins
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amino acids
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number of different types amino acids in the body
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20
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part of an amino acid that differs from one amino acid to the next
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R group
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functional groups found at the ends of an amino acid
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carboxyl group and amino group
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two amino acids bonded covalently
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dipeptide
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the bond that connects one amino acid to another covalently
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peptide bond
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a long chain of amino acids, bonded covalently
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polypeptided
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change in shape of a protein that is often not reversible
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denaturation
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important property of a protein that helps determine its function
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its shape
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two factors that can change the shape of a protein
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pH, temperature
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organic molecules that act as catalysts
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enzymes
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the molecule that is reacting in an enzyme reaction
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substrate
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model of an enzyme action that indicates how specific the bond is between the enzyme and the substrate
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lock and key
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what an enzyme lowers
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activation energy
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what an enzyme increases
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the rate of the reaction
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the result of the enzyme reaction
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products
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large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve well in water
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lipids
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chains of carbons and hydrogens that make up most of lipids
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fatty acids
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fatty acid that has no double bonds, filled with hydrogens instead
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saturated
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types of lipids
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phospholipids, wax, steroids, triglycerides
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organic molecules containing C,H, O only
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carbohydrates and lipids
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atom that some lipids contain
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phosphates
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atoms found in nucleic acids
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C, H, O, N, P
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organic compounds that provide energy for cells
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carbohydrates or lipids
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organic compounds that are often used to store energy in animal cells
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lipids
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organic compounds that are used as enzymes, in muscles cells, as hormones and as carrier molecules
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proteins
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examples of nucleic acids
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DNA, RNA, ATP
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monomers of nucleic acids
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nucleotides
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