110Biopeace Cell Structure And Function

Front 1

discovered the cell by looking at cork bark

Back 1

Robert Hooke, 1665

Front 2

observed living cells, calling them "animacules"

Back 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1673

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3 parts to the cell theory

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1. all living things are made of cells
2. cells are the units of structure and function in living things
3. all cells come from other cells

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As a cell increases in size, its _____ increases faster than it _____. Hence, cells in general, are quite small.

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volume (cytoplasm), surface area (membrane)

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cell structure

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organelle

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cells that contain a nucleus

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eukaryotic

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cells that contain membrane-bound organelles

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eukaryotic

Front 8

cells that do not contain a nucleus

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prokaryotic

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term that describes a cell membrane's ability to let some substances in

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selective permeability

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main components of a cell membrane

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lipid bilayer and proteins

Front 11

way to describe how the materials in a cell membrane can move and seem to make a patchwork

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fluid mosaic model

Front 12

liquid portion of cell containing water, solutes, and many enzymes and organic molecules

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cytoplasm

Front 13

cell structure where aerobic respiration occurs

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mitochondrion

Front 14

converts chemical energy in organic molecules to chemical energy in ATP

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mitochondrion

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long folds within the mitochondrom

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christa

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used in the making of proteins (synthesis of proteins)

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ribosomes

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made of RNA and protein; involved in protein synthesis

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ribosomes

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sometimes found attached to ER, sometimes floating in cytoplasm

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ribosomes

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system of membranous tubules between nucleus and cell membrane

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endoplasmic reticulum

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type of ER containing ribosomes

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rough ER

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type of ER not containing ribosomes

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smooth ER

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type of ER involved in making proteins

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rough ER

Front 23

type of ER involved in making steroids

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smooth ER

Front 24

cell part that chemically modifies proteins after they have been made

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Golgi complex

Front 25

cell part that contains hydrolytic enzymes

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lysosome

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cell part that can digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, and RNA

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lysosome

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system of tubules and fibers that maintains cell shape and allows motion within the cell and of some cells

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cytoskeleton

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two major components of the cytoskeleton

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microfilaments and microtubules

Front 29

hairlike structures on the surface of a cell that move the cell or move material over the cell

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cilia

Front 30

whip-like structure on the surface of a cell that help to propel the cell

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flagellum

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contains and protects the DNA

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nucleus

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membrane around the nucleus

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nuclear envelope

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packages of coiled up DNA

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chromosomes

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fine strands of DNA material in a nucleus

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chromatin

Front 35

cell structure where RNA is synthesized

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nucleolus

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rigid cellulose structure outside of a plant cell

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cell wall

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storage chamber commonly found in plant cells

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vacoule

Front 38

site of photosynthesis in a plant cell

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chloroplast