110 Kidney

Front 1

Parenchymal Junction Defect

Back 1

Developmental
Occurs at the fusion of the uteric bud and metanephrogenic blastema
Function not affected

Front 2

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin

Back 2

Two subkidney create one permanent kidney
Pyramids fuse and appear as a mass
Show presence of arcuate arteries

Front 3

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin (two criteria)

Back 3

Lateral indentation of renal sinus
Boarded by a junctional line defect

Front 4

Renal Duplication Artifact

Back 4

Artifact in obese-usually on left side
Looks like duplicated ureters, upper pole cortical thickening, suprarenal mass

Front 5

Bladder Diverticulum (common in..)

Back 5

Common in men
Usually goes unnoticed

Front 6

Renal Hypoplasia

Back 6

Rare, decreased nephrons
Ureteral bud contacts the caudal portion of the metaphrongenic blastema
Small, normal appearing kidney

Front 7

Fetal Lobulation

Back 7

Infolding of cortex without parenchyma loss
(clefts overlying the septa of Bertin)
birth to age 4-5
51% adults-persistent lobulation

Front 8

Compensatory Hypertrophy

Back 8

Enlargement of nephrons
Normal parenchyma works harder

Front 9

Compensatory Hypertrophy (focal)

Back 9

Islands of normal tissue in a diseased kidney.

Front 10

Compensatory Hypertrophy (diffuse)

Back 10

Enlarged but otherwise normal kidney
Assoc. w/: nephrectomy, renal agenesis, hypoplasia, atrophy, dysplasia

Front 11

Ectopic Kidney (pelvic)

Back 11

Kidney is too low
Small, abnormally rotated, small ureteres w/ blood supply from iliacs
50% decreased function
Infection, stones

Front 12

Ectopic Kidney (thoracic)

Back 12

Kidney is too high
May pass through the foramen of Bochdalek
Normal functioning
Check for incomplete diaphragm

Front 13

Crossed Renal Ectopia

Back 13

Both kidneys on the same side
Happens embryonically
85-90% ectopic kidney is fused to the other

Front 14

Where does fusion in a crossed renal ectopia usually occur?

Back 14

Ectopic kidney-upper pole fuses to the
Normal kidney-lower pole

Front 15

Horseshoe Kidney

Back 15

.01-.25% population
95% fuse at lower poles during metanephraogenic blastema
Connection-functioning renal tissue
IMV usually stops kidney ascent

Front 16

Horseshoe Kidney is assoc. with:

Back 16

UPJ obstruction
Vesicoureteral reflux
Collecting system duplication
Renaly Dysplasia
Suprenumeray Kidney
Anorectal Malformation
Rectrovaginal Fistula

Front 17

Ureteral Bud (assoc. with)

Back 17

Renal agenesis
Supernumeray Kidney
Duplex collecting system
Ureterocele
UPJ
Congenital megacalyces
Congenital megaureter

Front 18

Renal Agenesis (unilateral-3 possibilities)

Back 18

Absent or rudimentary kidney w/ hypertrophy
1) absence of metaphrogenic blastema
2) absence of ureteral bud
3) absence of metaphrogenic and ureteral bud fusion

Front 19

Renal Agenesis (unilater-assoc. w/)

Back 19

Skeletal anomalies
Anorectal malformations
Cryptorschism
Absent adrenal gland (8-17%)

Front 20

Renal Agenesis (bilateral)

Back 20

Rare
Incompatible w/ life
.04% autopsies
3:1 men

Front 21

Supranumeray Kidneys

Back 21

Very rare
Extra kidney (usually rudimentary) develops when two ureteric buds reach the metaphrogenic blastema then divide

Front 22

Duplex Collecting System

Back 22

Most common congenital anomaly in urinary tract
.5-10% live births
Causes UPJ and uterus didephys

Front 23

Duplex Collecting System (complete)

Back 23

2 complete collecting systems, ureteral orifices, and ureters
Double ureters-ureter draining the upper pole always inserts in an ectopic location in the bladder

Front 24

Duplex Collecting System (Complete-complications)

Back 24

Ureter from the lower pole of the kidney migrates to its normal position
The ureter draining the superior pole doesn't migrate normally and courses medial and inferior

Front 25

Ureteroceles

Back 25

Common w/ ectopic ureter
Prolapse of the distal ureter into the bladder with cystic dilation
Can extend to the kidney and cause dilation of the upper collecting system