1.10 Histology

Front 1

What is the exception to skeletal muscle being INVOLUNTARY?

Back 1

part of the esophagus

Front 2

Skeletal muscle is composed of large, elongated, ? fibers

Back 2

multinucleated (syncytium)

Front 3

Smooth muscle is an agglomerate of ? cells

Back 3

fusiform

Front 4

cardiac muscle is composed of irregular branched cells bound together longitudinally by ?

Back 4

Intercalated Disks

Front 5

RETICULAR FIBERS and BASAL LAMINA surround inidividual muscle cells

Back 5

endomysium

Front 6

surround bundles (fascicles) of muscle cells

Back 6

perimysium

Front 7

What type of CT surround the entire muscle in the EPIMYSIUM?

Back 7

dense CT

Front 8

What are the functions of the endo/peri/epimysium?

Back 8

mechanically transmit the forces generated by contracting muscle cells.

Front 9

The nuclei of skeletal muscle are located where in the cell?

Back 9

Hypolemmal position

--periphery of the cell just under the cell membrane

Front 10

Plasma membrane of the muscle cells

Back 10

sarcolemma

Front 11

THIN filaments are composed by 3 major protein components

Back 11

Actin

Tropomyosin

Troponin
--troponin-I
--troponin-C
--troponin-T

Front 12

THICK filaments are ? which are large and asymmetric molecules with a long tail and 2 globular heads

Back 12

Myosin

Front 13

What is the structure of MYOSIN?

Back 13

6 polypeptide chain

2 Heavy chains

4 Light chains

Front 14

THIN filaments are composed by 3 major protein components

Back 14

Actin

Tropomyosin

Troponin
--troponin-I
--troponin-C
--troponin-T

Front 15

What part of the MYOSIN is responsible for the enzymatic and chemical activity that results in muscle contraction.

Back 15

Head portion

Front 16

THICK filaments are ? which are large and asymmetric molecules with a long tail and 2 globular heads

Back 16

Myosin

Front 17

What chain is necessary for mysoin to function?

What chain can be phosphorylated during muscle activity?

Back 17

Essential (Alkali) Light Chain


Regulatory Light Chain (phosphorylated)

Front 18

What is the structure of MYOSIN?

Back 18

6 polypeptide chain

2 Heavy chains

4 Light chains

Front 19

Invaginations of the TRANSVERSE SYSTEM occur at the level of transition between the ? and ? bands.

How many T-Tubules are there in every sarcomere?

Back 19

invagination between A and I BANDS

twice

Front 20

What part of the MYOSIN is responsible for the enzymatic and chemical activity that results in muscle contraction.

Back 20

Head portion

Front 21

What forms a TRIAD in skeletal muscle?

(2 triads per muscle)

Back 21

1 T-Tubule

2x Terminal Cisternae of SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SR)

Front 22

What chain is necessary for mysoin to function?

What chain can be phosphorylated during muscle activity?

Back 22

Essential (Alkali) Light Chain


Regulatory Light Chain (phosphorylated)

Front 23

True or False

MYOFIBER = MYOCYTE = CELL = MUSCLE FIBER

Back 23

True

Front 24

Invaginations of the TRANSVERSE SYSTEM occur at the level of transition between the ? and ? bands.

How many T-Tubules are there in every sarcomere?

Back 24

invagination between A and I BANDS

twice

Front 25

Give the order of skeletal muscle starting at SARCOMERE

Back 25

Sarcomere

myoFILAMENTS

myoFIBRILS

myoFIBER / myoCYTE / cell

Front 26

What forms a TRIAD in skeletal muscle?

(2 triads per muscle)

Back 26

1 T-Tubule

2x Terminal Cisternae of SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SR)

Front 27

What is the contractile elements of skeletal muscle?

Back 27

myoFILAMENTS

(myosin vs actin)

Front 28

True or False

MYOFIBER = MYOCYTE = CELL = MUSCLE FIBER

Back 28

True

Front 29

Give the order of skeletal muscle starting at SARCOMERE

Back 29

Sarcomere

myoFILAMENTS

myoFIBRILS

myoFIBER / myoCYTE / cell

Front 30

What is the contractile elements of skeletal muscle?

Back 30

myoFILAMENTS

(myosin vs actin)

Front 31

Where is calcium stored in skeletal muscle?

Back 31

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 32

What helps synchronize muscle contraction?

Back 32

T-Tubules

Front 33

What is the smallest complete contractile system?

Back 33

myoFIBER / myoCYTE / cell

Front 34

Where are cardiac cell nucleus found?

Back 34

centrally nucleated

Front 35

What forms the INTERCALATED DISKS?

Back 35

Zonula Adherens (fascia adherens)

Desmosomes

Gap Junctions

Front 36

How are cardiac cells connected together?

Back 36

intercalated discs

Front 37

Cardiac T-Tubules are found at the level of the ? rather than at the ? in skeletal muscles

Back 37

Z Band == cardiac muscle


A - I Band == skeletal muscle

Front 38

Where are DIADS found?

Back 38

cardiac muscle

T-Tubule

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Cisterna

Front 39

What are the major fuel of the heart?

Back 39

Fatty Acids

Front 40

True or False

Cardiac muscles are usually MONONUCLEATED cells

Back 40

True

Front 41

the cardiac muscle of the atria produces a hormone ?

what does it do?

Back 41

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)


causes SODIUM and WATER LOSS

Front 42

True or False

Smooth muscle has a SINGLE NUCLEUS located in the center of the broadest part of the cell

Back 42

true

Front 43

True or False

T-Tubules are found in SMOOTH MUSCLES.

Back 43

FALSE

they do not have any T-Tubules or TROPONIN

they use CALMODULIN

Front 44

? are found in SMOOTH MUSCLES

in skeletal muscle it is called the Z-LINE

Back 44

Dense Body

Front 45

Smooth muscle contraction--

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed and the calcium comes from ? for contraction

Back 45

extracellular

Front 46

True or False

smooth muscle myosin molecules are oriented just like skeletal muscle myosin.

Back 46

False

myosin in smooth muscle is oriented all in ONE direction

Front 47

Smooth muscle has NO TROPONIN but instead has ?

NO Z-LINE but instead has ?

Back 47

Calmodulin


Dense Body

Front 48

Which of the 3 types of muscles has limited regeneration?

Back 48

Skeletal Muscle (limited) via SATELLITE CELLS

Smooth Muscle (active regeneration)

Front 49

How can skeletal muscle undergo limited "regeneration"

Back 49

Satellite cells (inactive myoblasts)

Front 50

the increase of diameter of muscle fibers is caused by formation of new ?

Back 50

increase in new myoFIBRILS

Front 51

extends from the Z-LINE to bare portion of the myosin filaments

prevents overextension of sarcomere and help keep A-BAND in proper place

Back 51

TiTIN

Front 52

What muscles exhibit HYPERPLASIA?

Back 52

Smooth Muscle

Front 53

protein that extends along the ACTIN filament

stabilizes ACTIN length

Back 53

Nebulin

Front 54

involved in anchoring the ACTIN filament to the Z-LINE and CAPZ

Back 54

α-actinin

Front 55

lies inside the Sarcolemma

helps transfer force from contraction to the outside of cell via INTEGRINS

Back 55

DYSTROPHIN

Front 56

forms a link between INTEGRINS and the ECM

Back 56

Laminin